The tapping paradigm has played an important role in formulating beat induction models. However, experimental studies that make use of actual music as source materials to investigate pulse finding mechanisms in complex rhythmic sequences are lacking. The present study proposes to use the concept of mensural determinacy , that is, the emergence of temporal expectations that may or may not be realized (Hasty, 1997), to explore the relative salience of an implied beat in two contrasting rhythmic sequences extracted from Elliott Carter's 90+ for piano (1994), and test the influence of style-specific expertise on listeners' spontaneous tapping performance. The results of the experiment were consistent with the hypothesis that familiarity with the style represented by the source materials contributes to a more stable tapping period. In addition, although accent was found to have a main effect on tapping behavior, it also interacted with global temporal structure and a number of musical parameters and participant characteristics, including gender. Exploratory analyses of several additional musical parameters and participants' characteristics are also suggestive of how experimental methods could be complemented by post-hoc score analysis to investigate the contributions of specific factors to the relative influence of first- and second-order periodicity on musicians' beat percepts.

中文翻译：

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挖掘卡特：复杂节奏序列中的心理确定性

敲击范例在形成节拍感应模型中起了重要作用。但是，缺乏以实际音乐为源资料来研究复杂节奏序列中的脉冲发现机制的实验研究。本研究提出使用心理确定性的概念，即可能实现或可能未实现的时间期望的出现（Hasty，1997），探索从艾略特（Elliott）提取的两个相反的节奏序列中隐含节拍的相对显着性。 Carter的90+钢琴作品（1994），并测试了特定风格的专业知识对听众自发敲击性能的影响。实验结果与以下假设一致：对原始资料所代表的样式的熟悉有助于更稳定的攻丝时间。此外，尽管发现口音对敲击行为有主要影响，但它也与全局时间结构以及许多音乐参数和参与者特征（包括性别）相互作用。对其他几个音乐参数和参与者特征的探索性分析也暗示了如何通过事后得分分析来补充实验方法，以调查特定因素对一阶和二阶周期性对音乐家拍子的相对影响的贡献感知。