Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce a given pitch without a reference. This study examines the stability of pitch labeling accuracy in a broad sample of AP possessors when natural complex tones are compared to modified sound structures (slightly out-of-tune pitches, sounds with missing fundamentals, and pure tones). A passive listening test with single tones was developed (Tallinn Test of Absolute Pitch, TTAP), with 150 items selected, representing 60 synthetic instrumental tones (violin, clarinet, and trumpet) in different octave ranges and dynamics, and 90 electronically modified sounds, each presented in three different octave ranges. Additional information was collected, regarding handedness, start of instrumental instruction, educational status, occurrence of AP in the family, and associations with processing pitch recognition. Results showed a clear decrease of pitch recognition accuracy between natural complex sounds and pure sine tones. A significant main effect on TTAP scores was found for early starts of instrumental instruction. The findings are discussed in the context of the nature-nurture debate (genetic vs environmental factors), as well as the implications of genetic and memory aspects of pitch recognition.

中文翻译：

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绝对螺距拥有者中的螺距标记精度有多稳定？

绝对音高（AP）是无需参考即可识别或产生给定音高的能力。这项研究检查了将自然复杂音调与修改后的声音结构（轻微失调音调，基本音缺失和纯净音调）进行比较时，在广泛的AP拥有者样本中音高标记准确性的稳定性。开发了一种单音被动听音测试（塔林绝对音高测试，TTAP），选择了150种项，代表60种合成乐器音（小提琴，单簧管和小号），具有不同的八度音阶和力度，以及90种电子修改的声音，每个呈现三个不同的八度范围。收集了其他信息，包括使用习惯，工具教学的开始，教育程度，家庭中AP的发生，以及与处理音高识别的关联。结果表明，自然复数声音和纯正弦音之间的音高识别精度明显降低。发现早期对器乐教学的重要影响是TTAP分数。在自然培育辩论（遗传与环境因素）以及音高识别的遗传和记忆方面的意义的背景下讨论了这些发现。