Abstract This essay explores the journey of humanity since the emergence of Homo sapiens 300,000 years ago. It analyses the critical role of Unified Growth Theory in resolving two fundamental mysteries that had characterized this journey: (i) The mystery of growth—why did living standards stagnate for most of human history and what led to their sudden soar 200 years ago? (ii) the mystery of inequality—what are the roots of the major surge in inequality across nations and why have these gaps widened dramatically over the past 200 years?

中文翻译：

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人类的旅程：国家财富不平等的根源

摘要本文探讨了距人类三十万年前的人类的旅程。它分析了统一增长理论在解决这一旅程的两个基本谜团中的关键作用：（i）增长的谜团—为什么人类的生活水平在整个人类历史上都停滞不前，是什么导致他们在200年前突然飙升？（ii）不平等的奥秘-各国不平等现象激增的根源是什么？为什么这些差距在过去200年间急剧扩大？