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African music research and the new empiricism
Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa ( IF 0.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 , DOI: 10.2989/18121004.2018.1558952
Barry Ross 1
Affiliation  

The past thirty years have seen a resurgence in empirical, data-driven research focused on human musical behaviour. Some researchers have gone so far as to describe this as the ‘comeback’ of systematic musicology (e.g. Honing 2004), while others have noted the potential of empirical methodology in shaping other areas of music research (Parncutt 2007). The most visible example of this is the explosion of music-related research in the cognitive sciences. And, as if by some stroke of fortune, calls for the cross-cultural expansion of empirical data beyond Western materials and subjects have come along at just the same time that African musicology finds itself at a self-reflective crossroad. South Africa represents Africa’s largest musicological community, and to say that it is in crisis is an understatement. The causes of this crisis are many and varied: decreased funding in the tertiary sector in general, calls for decolonisation of curricula and research programmes in the wake of #FeesMustFall, persistent disputes over research ethics, clashes between academics and the university management, and rather unhealthy levels of intradisciplinary office politics. Indeed, the crisis itself has already generated so much literature that there are probably more self-reflective articles on the state of the discipline than published research on a major genre like motswako, or the Nigerian hip hop industry, or even on increasingly threatened traditional African musical cultures. That in itself goes to show that something is very seriously wrong with the way we go about the business of music research. Elsewhere (Ross 2018), I have commented that one overlooked aspect of this crisis has to do with standards of scholarship. In my view this is the greatest long-term threat facing not only musicology in Africa, but the position of musicology within the global academy. We have a discipline divided and under financial pressure, and proposed solutions seem constructive and destructive in equal measure. It is not all doom and gloom, however. African music researchers are in a prime position to take advantage of the rise of empirical methodologies in the study of music. Such methodology is present in an increasing number of fields, from music education and music technology, to market research and music information retrieval. I will here use as my primary example the field of music psychology, not only because it is my own area of specialisation, but also because it represents the largest and most influential empiricallyminded field in current music studies. Music psychology in particular points toward a return to strong, evidence-based argumentation when dealing with music research. Its nature is broadly positivist – that is, it relies on the generation of observable data as a premise for further modification of hypotheses. But at the same time, this positive data is interpreted against the backdrop of theory and carefully articulated philosophical positions about the biological nature of the mind, as well as increasingly nuanced models of human music and musicality. The data-orientated nature of music psychology is such that it produces research

中文翻译:

非洲音乐研究与新经验主义

在过去的三十年里,以人类音乐行为为重点的实证、数据驱动的研究重新兴起。一些研究人员甚至将其描述为系统音乐学的“卷土重来”(例如 Honing 2004),而其他人则注意到实证方法论在塑造其他音乐研究领域的潜力(Parncutt 2007)。最明显的例子是认知科学中音乐相关研究的爆炸式增长。而且,就好像碰巧了,在非洲音乐学发现自己处于自我反思的十字路口的同时,要求将经验数据跨文化扩展到西方材料和主题之外的呼声也出现了。南非代表着非洲最大的音乐学社区,说它处于危机之中是轻描淡写的。这场危机的原因多种多样:总体上第三产业的资金减少、#FeesMustFall 之后要求课程和研究项目的非殖民化、关于研究伦理的持续争议、学者与大学管理层之间的冲突,以及不健康的跨学科办公室政治水平。事实上,危机本身已经产生了如此多的文献,以至于关于该学科状况的自我反思文章可能比关于 motswako 或尼日利亚嘻哈行业等主要流派的已发表研究,甚至是日益受到威胁的传统非洲音乐文化。这本身就表明我们从事音乐研究业务的方式存在严重错误。在其他地方(罗斯 2018 年),我曾评论说,这场危机中一个被忽视的方面与学术标准有关。在我看来,这不仅是非洲音乐学面临的最大长期威胁,也是音乐学在全球学院中的地位所面临的最大威胁。我们的学科存在分歧并面临财务压力,提出的解决方案在同等程度上似乎具有建设性和破坏性。然而,并非全是厄运和悲观。非洲音乐研究人员处于优势地位,可以利用音乐研究中经验方法论的兴起。这种方法论出现在越来越多的领域,从音乐教育和音乐技术,到市场研究和音乐信息检索。我将在这里使用音乐心理学领域作为我的主要例子,不仅因为它是我自己的专业领域,也因为它代表了当前音乐研究中最大和最有影响力的经验主义领域。在处理音乐研究时,音乐心理学特别指出要回归强有力的、以证据为基础的论证。它的本质是广义的实证主义——也就是说,它依赖于可观察数据的产生,作为进一步修改假设的前提。但与此同时,这些积极的数据是在理论的背景下被解释的,并仔细阐明了关于心灵的生物学本质的哲学立场,以及越来越细微的人类音乐和音乐性模型。音乐心理学以数据为导向的性质使得它产生研究 在处理音乐研究时,音乐心理学特别指出要回归强有力的、以证据为基础的论证。它的本质是广义的实证主义——也就是说,它依赖于可观察数据的产生,作为进一步修改假设的前提。但与此同时,这些积极的数据是在理论的背景下被解释的,并仔细阐明了关于心灵的生物学本质的哲学立场,以及越来越细微的人类音乐和音乐性模型。音乐心理学以数据为导向的性质使得它产生研究 在处理音乐研究时,音乐心理学特别指出要回归强有力的、以证据为基础的论证。它的本质是广义的实证主义——也就是说,它依赖于可观察数据的产生,作为进一步修改假设的前提。但与此同时,这些积极的数据是在理论的背景下被解释的,并仔细阐明了关于心灵的生物学本质的哲学立场,以及越来越细微的人类音乐和音乐性模型。音乐心理学以数据为导向的性质使得它产生研究 这些积极的数据是在理论的背景下被解释的,并仔细阐明了关于心灵的生物学本质的哲学立场,以及越来越细微的人类音乐和音乐性模型。音乐心理学以数据为导向的性质使得它产生研究 这些积极的数据是在理论的背景下被解释的,并仔细阐明了关于心灵的生物学本质的哲学立场,以及越来越细微的人类音乐和音乐性模型。音乐心理学以数据为导向的性质使得它产生研究
更新日期:2018-07-03
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