ABSTRACT

Seven salted paper prints from the 1840s and 1850s in the permanent collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art were included in the exhibition, Paradise of Exiles: Early Photography in Italy, from March to August 2017. This investigation analyzed works by Giacomo Caneva; Firmin-Eugène Le Dien and Gustave Le Gray; and Calvert Richard Jones. The study also reviewed period photographic techniques with a focus on gold and “old hypo” toning. In addition to reflected light microscopy, analytical methods included X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy. Silver, gold and sulfur were found in association with the image material in these prints. All seven paper substrates were found to contain blue pigment inclusions - either smalt or ultramarine. Measurements taken with a spectrophotometer and microfading tester (MFT) were used to study light sensitivity and real-time color-change behavior. Overall, color measurements indicated that the salted paper prints were relatively stable with the exception of one unusual, bright yellow corner in a Calvert Jones print that contained silver and iodine. A comparison of real-time spectrophotometer and microfading tester measurements indicate that these results do not always correlate for silver-based photographs and requires further research.

摘要

大都会艺术博物馆永久收藏的7张1840年代和1850年代的咸纸版画被纳入展览《流亡天堂：意大利的早期摄影》中，从2017年3月至8月。这项调查分析了Giacomo Caneva的作品；Firmin-EugèneLe Dien和Gustave Le Gray；和卡尔弗特·理查德·琼斯（Calvert Richard Jones）。这项研究还回顾了时期摄影技术，重点是黄金和“旧的次要”色调。除了反射光显微镜之外，分析方法还包括X射线荧光（XRF）和拉曼光谱。在这些印刷品中，发现银，金和硫与图像材料有关。发现所有七个纸质基材均包含蓝色颜料夹杂物-smalt或群青。使用分光光度计和微褪色测试仪（MFT）进行的测量用于研究光敏度和实时变色行为。总体而言，颜色测量表明，除一种不寻常的现象外，盐渍纸的印刷品相对稳定。卡尔弗特·琼斯（Calvert Jones）印刷品中的明亮黄色角落，其中包含银和碘。实时分光光度计和微褪色测试仪测量结果的比较表明，这些结果并不总是与基于银的照片相关，需要进一步研究。