ABSTRACT

This article examines the manufacture and use of commercial plain papers in the United States between 1860 and 1900. Although plain paper printing is thought to have fallen out of use in the United States after the 1850s, an examination of photography manuals and periodicals published in the United States during the subsequent decades reveals a surprising number of advertisements for and tipped-in samples of manufactured plain papers. These texts and sample prints are valuable resources for conservators and historians of photography because they reveal the varied uses these papers were put to, the kinds of consumers who bought them, and the procedures for working them. The extant samples are also significant as evidence of the visual and material qualities of commercially available plain paper prints. This article will focus on three plain papers: Alabaster Paper, manufactured by Follett & Johnson of New York in the 1860s; Licht-paus Paper, produced by Romain Talbot of Berlin in the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s; and American Matt-Surface Paper, manufactured by John R. Clemons of Philadelphia in the 1890s.

摘要

本文研究了1860至1900年间美国商业普通纸的制造和使用。尽管1850年代后美国认为普通纸印刷已不再使用，但对在美国出版的摄影手册和期刊进行了研究。在随后的几十年中，美国展示了数量惊人的人造普通纸广告和小样。这些文字和样本打印对于保存者和摄影史学家来说是宝贵的资源，因为它们揭示了这些纸张的用途，购买者的种类以及工作程序。现有样品也很重要，可作为市售普通纸印刷品视觉和材料品质的证据。本文将重点介绍三篇普通论文：雪花石膏纸，1860年代由纽约福莱特·约翰逊（Follett＆Johnson）制造；荔枝纹纸，由柏林的罗曼·塔尔伯特（Romain Talbot）在1870、1880和1890年代生产；以及1890年代由费城的John R. Clemons制造的American Matt-Surface Paper。