The art of library cataloging has been in a constant state of flux since the early 1980s, when several large university systems started to use computers to manage catalogs across libraries. Catalogers soon found themselves creating and sharing digital MARC records and eventually using MARCXML to write them for the next generation of information systems. By the time we crossed into the new millennium, physical card catalogs had been replaced with online catalogs that were tied to large databases, allowing catalogers to share expertise across libraries. At the same time that technology was making the cataloging process easier, it was also adding dozens of new types of resources that could be entered into a catalog. Catalogers were suddenly confronted with DVDs, web resources, e-books, and even podcasts. In Coding with XML for Efficiencies in Cataloging and Metadata, Timothy W. Cole, Myung-Ja (MJ) K. Han, and Christine Schwartz provide a practical outline on using different XML tools to help with a variety of cataloging needs. The book is an outgrowth of an American Libraries Association Annual Conference pre-conference workshop from 2015. The workshop introduced the core concepts of using XSLT and XQuery in cataloging. The book begins with a short introduction on the basics of how XML is structured and what makes XML documents valid and well-formed. It serves as a quick refresher for readers already familiar with cataloging with XML. After the first four chapters, the book focuses on the more specialized XML tools that catalogers can use within their ecosystem. The book touches upon MARCXML, Dublin Core, Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), and Encoded Archival Description (EAD). It also mentions Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standards (METS) and schema.org in some of the case studies. The authors quickly cover these formats with the expectation that the reader is either familiar with them or will use the resources in the appendix to learn more. The core of the book is focused on how to use the XML Path Language (XPATH), the Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT), and XML Query Language (XQuery) to manipulate library catalog records into more accessible web data. The book assumes a familiarity with the three methods above and focuses on specific case studies demonstrating how the authors have created new ways of creating access points using transformations and queries. For those catalogers working in XML tools, the development of catalogs with links to HathiTrust titles and developing crosswalks between MODS and schema.org will be inspirational. While this is not an introduction to the material, it is a worthy reference book to help developers think through new ways of dealing with cataloging information using XML tools.

中文翻译：

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使用 XML 编码以提高编目和元数据的效率：XSD、XSLT 和 XQuery 的实际应用

自 1980 年代初以来，图书馆编目艺术一直处于不断变化的状态，当时几所大型大学系统开始使用计算机来管理跨图书馆的目录。编目员很快发现自己创建和共享数字 MARC 记录，并最终使用 MARCXML 为下一代信息系统编写它们。到我们跨入新千年时，实体卡片目录已被与大型数据库绑定的在线目录所取代，这使得编目员可以在图书馆之间共享专业知识。在该技术使编目过程变得更容易的同时，它还添加了数十种可以输入目录的新型资源。编目人员突然面临着 DVD、网络资源、电子书，甚至是播客。在 Coding with XML for Efficiencies in Cataloging and Metadata 中，Timothy W. Cole、Myung-Ja (MJ) K. Han 和 Christine Schwartz 提供了使用不同 XML 工具来帮助满足各种编目需求的实用概述。本书是 2015 年美国图书馆协会年会会前研讨会的产物。研讨会介绍了在编目中使用 XSLT 和 XQuery 的核心概念。本书首先简要介绍了 XML 的结构基础以及是什么使 XML 文档有效且格式良好。对于已经熟悉使用 XML 编目的读者来说，它可以作为快速复习。在前四章之后，本书重点介绍编目员可以在其生态系统中使用的更专业的 XML 工具。本书涉及 MARCXML、都柏林核心、元数据对象描述模式 (MODS)、和编码档案描述 (EAD)。它还在一些案例研究中提到了元数据编码和传输标准 (METS) 和 schema.org。作者快速介绍了这些格式，希望读者熟悉它们或使用附录中的资源了解更多信息。本书的核心重点是如何使用 XML 路径语言 (XPATH)、用于转换的可扩展样式表语言 (XSLT) 和 XML 查询语言 (XQuery) 将图书馆目录记录处理为更易于访问的 Web 数据。本书假定您熟悉上述三种方法，并侧重于具体案例研究，展示作者如何使用转换和查询创建创建访问点的新方法。对于那些使用 XML 工具的编目员，带有 HathiTrust 标题链接的目录的开发以及在 MODS 和 schema.org 之间开发人行横道将是鼓舞人心的。虽然这不是对材料的介绍，但它是一本有价值的参考书，可帮助开发人员思考使用 XML 工具处理编目信息的新方法。