ABSTRACT Mass tourism started late and declined early in Morecambe, Lancashire. The seaside resort developed in the late nineteenth century, tourism soared in the early twentieth century and peaked in the inter-war and post-war years. However, by the 1970s Morecambe was nicknamed The Costa Geriatrica – where seagulls don’t land anymore. It had become the unfashionable subject of jokes on national television. This transformation in reputation and fortune was rapid; the trend since the mid-twentieth century was one of decline. Most attractions struggled to survive past the mid-1970s and the 1980s were a low point. The visitor numbers had fallen away; few resorts have experienced such a pronounced boom and bust. This article will consider the various micro and macro factors which contributed to Morecambe’s unusually turbulent history as a mass tourism destination. In doing so it reveals that many of the acutest challenges facing the resort were resort specific or regional and not limited to the second half of the twentieth century – the period most often associated with the decline of traditional British seaside resorts. This account of the failure of mass tourism provides an important historical context, as the resort considers its future and attempts regeneration.

中文翻译：

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十九、二十世纪莫克姆的发展与衰落：一个被大潮所困的度假胜地

摘要 在兰开夏郡莫克姆，大众旅游起步较晚，衰退较早。海滨度假胜地发展于十九世纪末，旅游业在二十世纪初飙升，并在两次世界大战之间和战后达到顶峰。然而，到 1970 年代，Morecambe 被昵称为“Costa Geriatrica”——海鸥不再在那里降落。它已成为国家电视台笑话的不合时宜的主题。这种声誉和财富的转变是迅速的。二十世纪中叶以来的趋势之一是下降。大多数景点在 1970 年代中期之后都难以生存，而 1980 年代则是低谷。游客人数减少了；很少有度假村经历过如此明显的繁荣和萧条。本文将考虑导致莫克姆作为大众旅游目的地异常动荡的历史的各种微观和宏观因素。这样做表明，度假村面临的许多最严峻的挑战是特定于度假村或区域性的，而不仅限于 20 世纪下半叶——这一时期最常与传统英国海滨度假村的衰落联系在一起。这种对大众旅游失败的描述提供了一个重要的历史背景，因为度假村考虑了它的未来并试图重建。