ABSTRACT This article examines the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. It draws upon an analysis of 31 documents (legislation, research reports and articles, training documents, professional documents and media articles) and interviews with 13 key informants, who were selected based on their knowledge of ‘parental alienation’ in research, policies or practices. The research findings reveal that the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse is a more recent process than in other provinces and countries, but that it has now permeated child custody as well as child protection proceedings. Academic researchers and media have been instrumental in this legitimization and institutionalization process, while the role played by changes to child protection policies is more ambiguous. The findings reveal researchers’ and experts’ tendency to distance themselves from Gardner’s controversial work on ‘parental alienation syndrome’ and to address the critiques by proposing new approaches and new concepts. However, the terms ‘parental alienation syndrome’, ‘parental alienation’ and ‘alienating behaviours’ are often used interchangeably, and assessment practices tend to rely on similar indicators.

中文翻译：

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魁北克省“父母异化”的合法化和制度化

摘要 本文考察了加拿大魁北克省“父母异化”话语的合法化和制度化。它基于对 31 份文件（立法、研究报告和文章、培训文件、专业文件和媒体文章）的分析以及对 13 名主要知情人的采访，这些人是根据他们在研究、政策或实践中对“父母异化”的了解而选出的. 研究结果表明，与其他省份和国家相比，“父母异化”话语的合法化和制度化是一个较新的过程，但现在已经渗透到儿童监护和儿童保护程序中。学术研究人员和媒体在这一合法化和制度化过程中发挥了重要作用，而儿童保护政策的变化所起的作用则更加模糊。研究结果揭示了研究人员和专家倾向于与加德纳关于“父母疏远综合症”的有争议的工作保持距离，并通过提出新方法和新概念来解决批评。然而，术语“父母疏远综合症”、“父母疏远”和“疏远行为”经常互换使用，评估实践往往依赖于类似的指标。