ABSTRACT This paper investigates what makes developers and municipal planning authorities more (or less) likely to cooperate. It borrows methods from behavioural economics for eliciting the propensity of cooperation in different groups under different circumstances. Participants from private development companies, public planning, and related fields have played simple games in which they chose whether to cooperate in an urban transformation scenario (N = 269). By altering minor details, we learn about what makes people cooperate. The paper is able to quantify some human biases affecting the actions we observe in development projects: The findings indicate that people tend to be more cooperative towards people from the same sector, are less likely to cooperate in riskier scenarios, and in situations where some group members have fewer resources to contribute to the cooperative effort. Hopefully, the novelty of using economic experiments on planning and property development decision making could serve as an inspiration for other researchers in the field, although the methodology does carry limited external validity.

中文翻译：

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城市发展与合作游戏

摘要本文研究了使开发商和市政规划部门更多（或更少）合作的可能性的原因。它借鉴了行为经济学的方法，以得出在不同情况下不同群体之间合作的倾向。来自私人开发公司，公共规划和相关领域的参与者玩了简单的游戏，他们在其中选择是否在城市转型场景中进行合作（N = 269）。通过更改次要细节，我们可以了解使人们合作的原因。本文能够量化一些人类偏见，这些偏见会影响我们在开发项目中观察到的行动：研究结果表明，人们倾向于与来自同一部门的人们更加合作，在风险较高的场景中合作的可能性较小，在某些小组成员资源不足以促进合作的情况下。希望将经济实验用于计划和房地产开发决策的新颖性可以为该领域的其他研究人员提供灵感，尽管该方法确实具有有限的外部有效性。