The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction effect of commercial loans in between trade Credit, retain earning, and entrepreneurial small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance.,In this research, the cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected from 362 SMEs located in Pakistan by using a questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis was adopted to establish the interaction effect of commercial loans in between trade credits, retain earning and entrepreneurial SMEs performance.,The results demonstrated that commercial loans, trade credit and retain earning have a positive relationship with entrepreneurial SMEs performance. The findings also confirmed the interaction effect of commercial loans in between retain earnings, trade credit and entrepreneurial SMEs performance.,The study examined the association and interaction effect of commercial loans in between retain earnings, trade credit and SMEs performance in the emerging state (Pakistan). So, this is the first time to study the relationship between these variables, which highly contributes to entrepreneurial SMEs literature.

中文翻译：

---

商业贷款互动效应对中小企业绩效的影响。

这项研究的目的是研究商业贷款在贸易信贷，保留收益和创业型中小企业（SME）绩效之间的相互作用。本研究采用横断面研究设计，并对数据进行了分析。通过问卷调查从位于巴基斯坦的362家中小型企业收集。通过相关和回归分析，建立了商业贷款在贸易信贷，留存收益与中小企业绩效之间的互动关系。结果表明，商业贷款，贸易信贷和留存收益与中小企业的绩效之间存在正相关关系。调查结果还证实了商业贷款在保留收益，贸易信贷和中小型企业业绩之间的相互作用。该研究考察了新兴国家（巴基斯坦）中商业贷款在保留收益，贸易信贷和中小企业绩效之间的关联和互动效应。因此，这是第一次研究这些变量之间的关系，这对中小企业的中小企业文献有很大的贡献。