While the literature has described social entrepreneurs as overwhelmingly occupying a pivotal role in social entrepreneurship (S-ENT) process, there is a high inconsistency prevailing with respect to entrepreneurial traits, attitudes and skills of social entrepreneurs. One explanation for this may be the lack of a suitable scale measuring entrepreneurship orientation of social entrepreneurial individuals. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by proposing an initial assessment tool for individual S-ENT orientation (ISEO).,A mixed methods research design, along with a two-stage Delphi process, helped in generating appropriate constructs for ISEO. While the items for the first dimension of scale were directly derived from the Delphi study, the items of the remaining dimensions were mainly found based on the three individual entrepreneurial orientation dimensions presented by Bolton and Lane. By means of exploratory factor analysis, the final examination of the ISEO items was undertaken through a survey of 71 social entrepreneurs across India. The process eventually resulted in reliable and valid measures for four dimensions of ISEO.,The scale-development process eventually resulted in a 13-item scale, measuring four dimensions of ISEO (social passion, innovativeness, risk-taking and pro-activeness). By developing a set of relevant ISEO indicators, the study answers the call for a scale development of ISEO in S-ENT literature.,There is a need to further validate this instrument among other stakeholders (students) as well as in samples with different demographic characteristics across different regions of the country and the world. To further evaluate the reliability and validity properties and to confirm the newly established subscales and their relationship with the ISEO construct, there is need for conducting a confirmatory factor analysis using larger sample sizes.,The measurement of SEO at an individual level will assist in S-ENT education, training and development of present and prospective social entrepreneurs, as well as assist individuals who want to assess the strength of their orientation towards S-ENT. The understanding of ISEO at the individual level will be equally useful for S-ENT incubators, the government and other S-ENT stakeholders who are considering supporting S-ENT proposals.,The paper is the first to develop an ISEO scale which is based on empirical data in S-ENT field.

中文翻译：

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个人社会企业家取向：迈向衡量规模的发展

尽管文献描述了社会企业家在社会企业家（S-ENT）过程中占据着举足轻重的地位，但在社会企业家的企业家特征，态度和技能方面存在着高度矛盾。对此的一种解释可能是缺乏合适的量度社会企业家个人的创业取向。这项研究的目的是通过提出针对单个S-ENT取向（ISEO）的初始评估工具来解决这一差距。混合方法研究设计以及两阶段的Delphi流程有助于为ISEO生成合适的结构。规模一维项目直接来自Delphi研究，其余维度的项目主要是根据Bolton和Lane提出的三个个人创业方向维度找到的。通过探索性因素分析，通过对印度71位社会企业家的调查，对ISEO项目进行了最终检查。该过程最终为ISEO的四个维度提供了可靠有效的措施。规模开发过程最终导致了13个项目的规模，衡量了ISEO的四个维度（社会热情，创新性，冒险精神和积极性）。通过制定一组相关的ISEO指标，该研究满足了S-ENT文献中关于ISEO规模发展的呼吁。有必要在其他利益相关者（学生）之间以及在该国家和世界不同地区具有不同人口统计学特征的样本中进一步验证该工具。为了进一步评估信度和效度属性，并确认新建立的子量表及其与ISEO结构的关系，需要使用更大的样本量进行验证性因素分析。个体水平的SEO测量将有助于S -ENT对当前和未来的社会企业家的教育，培训和发展，以及协助想要评估其对S-ENT方向的力量的个人。对于S-ENT孵化器，个人层面对ISEO的理解同样有用，