ABSTRACT Scots songs were important to the development of the Scottish Enlightenment concept of “improvement”—defined by Adam Smith as a progression of human societies through four stages: “first, the Age of Hunters; secondly, the Age of Shepherds; thirdly, the Age of Agriculture; and fourthly, the Age of Commerce.” During the Scottish Enlightenment, improvement was constituted partly through an emergent network of eighteenth-century Scottish song culture consisting of circulations and settings of songs for Allan Ramsay’s The Gentle Shepherd by Francesco Barsanti, Joseph Haydn, and others, often accompanied by paratextual essays and visual imagery, and through an appeal to localized discourses of Scottish pastoral.

中文翻译：

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苏格兰启蒙运动中的歌曲与进步

摘要 苏格兰歌曲对苏格兰启蒙运动“进步”概念的发展非常重要——亚当·斯密将人类社会定义为人类社会通过四个阶段的进步：“第一，猎人时代；第二，牧羊人时代；第三，农业时代；第四，商业时代。” 在苏格兰启蒙运动期间，进步部分是通过 18 世纪苏格兰歌曲文化的新兴网络构成的，该网络由弗朗切斯科·巴桑蒂、约瑟夫·海顿等人为艾伦·拉姆齐 (Allan Ramsay) 创作的《温柔的牧羊人》(The Gentle Shepherd) 的歌曲流通和设置组成，通常伴随着副文本文章和视觉效果。意象，并通过诉诸苏格兰田园的本地化话语。