Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is generally associated with chronic antigen stimulation: auto-antigens or of microbial origin. Only one study suggested association between Achromobacter xylosoxidans and pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We aimed to investigate the presence of virus or any infectious agents in pulmonary MALT lymphoma by using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). All lung samples were centrally reviewed. The t(11;18) (q21;q21) was evaluated by FISH analysis. The snap frozen large lung biopsies were analyzed by mNGS. After lung biopsies homogenization total nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) were extracted, amplified and classified according to their taxonomic assignment, after exclusion of host DNA. We included 13 samples from pulmonary MALT lymphoma (mean age: 60.3 years, 7 women, 3 with auto-immune background) and 10 controls. The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma was confirmed for the 13 samples, 3 showed API2-MALT1 translocation (23%). No evidence of the presence of a specific pathogen was clearly identified in the group of patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We identifiedA. xylosoxidans sequence in 4/13 patients and in 4/10 controls. This study did not find evidence for a DNA or RNA virus, a fungi, a parasite or a bacteria associated with pulmonary MALT lymphoma either in the stroma or in tumor cells.

中文翻译：

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没有证据表明与肺MALT淋巴瘤有关的病原体：宏基因组学研究

粘膜相关淋巴样组织（MALT）淋巴瘤通常与慢性抗原刺激有关：自身抗原或微生物起源。只有一项研究表明木糖氧化无色杆菌与肺MALT淋巴瘤之间存在关联。我们旨在通过使用宏基因组新一代测序（mNGS）来研究肺MALT淋巴瘤中病毒或任何传染原的存在。集中检查所有肺样本。通过FISH分析评估t（11; 18）（q21; q21）。快速冷冻的大肺活检组织通过mNGS分析。肺活组织检查均质化后，在排除宿主DNA后，根据其分类分配，提取，扩增和分类总核酸（RNA和DNA）。我们纳入了13份肺MALT淋巴瘤样本（平均年龄：60.3岁，有7名女性，3个具有自身免疫背景）和10个对照。确认了13份样品的MALT淋巴瘤的诊断，其中3份显示API2-MALT1易位（23％）。在肺MALT淋巴瘤患者组中没有明确鉴定出存在特定病原体的证据。我们确定了A。4/13患者和4/10对照中的木糖氧化酶序列。这项研究没有发现基质或肿瘤细胞中与肺MALT淋巴瘤有关的DNA或RNA病毒，真菌，寄生虫或细菌的证据。