Despite featuring prominently in religions and legal frameworks, and being discussed by anthropologists and sociologists in relation to rights and obligations in society, reciprocity has not received the attention it deserves in the (im)politeness literature. This article proposes and defines the Principle of (Im)politeness Reciprocity, which concerns the (mis)matching of (im)politeness across participants in interaction – something which can be construed in terms of a debit-credit balance sheet. We claim that this principle, driven by morality, is a fundamental mechanism in shaping (im)politeness in interaction and triggering the search for (im)politeness implicatures. We show how it impacts on various kinds of (im)politeness and interacts with context, especially power. The latter part of the article, focusing on requestive exchanges, is more quantitative in orientation, involving studies based on informant testing and corpus analysis. These reveal, for example, that (im)politeness matching is by far the most common interaction, that mismatches are perceived as clear deviations, and that certain kinds of (mis)matching are associated with specific contexts (e.g. school classroom interaction is associated with downward shifts from polite to less polite). Finally, we briefly discuss future research avenues.

尽管在宗教和法律框架中具有显着的特征，并且人类学家和社会学家已就社会的权利和义务进行了讨论，但互惠性并没有得到（不）礼貌文献中应有的重视。本文提出并定义了（Im）礼貌互惠原则，该原则涉及互动中参与者之间（im）礼貌的（mis）匹配-可以用借方贷方资产负债表来解释。我们认为，这一由道德驱动的原则是塑造互动中的（礼貌）礼貌并触发对（礼貌）礼貌含义的搜索的基本机制。我们展示了它如何影响各种（im）礼貌并与情境（尤其是权力）相互作用。本文的后半部分着重于请求性交流，在方向上较为定量，涉及基于信息提供者测试和语料库分析的研究。例如，这些揭示了（im）礼貌匹配是迄今为止最常见的交互，将不匹配视为明显的偏差，并且某些（mis）匹配与特定的上下文相关（例如，学校课堂交互与从礼貌降为礼貌）。最后，我们简要讨论了未来的研究途径。学校课堂互动与礼貌向不礼貌的下移有关。最后，我们简要讨论了未来的研究途径。学校课堂互动与礼貌向不礼貌的下移有关。最后，我们简要讨论了未来的研究途径。