Ostracism—being ignored and excluded by others—has detrimental effects on targets. Confrontation allows targets to express displeasure with mistreatment. Three studies examined confrontation in response to ostracism. In Study 1, participants completed an ostracism manipulation, Cyberball, and were given the opportunity to message their ostracizers. Message coding indicated that one-third of targets wrote messages expressing unhappiness with how they were treated, significantly more than included participants. In Studies 2 and 3, participants completed Cyberball before random assignment to a distraction, writing, or confrontation task. Analysis of need-recovery indicated that the distraction consistently improved need-satisfaction and affective recovery between the immediate and delayed measurements. Results provided mixed support regarding the effectiveness of confrontation in coping with ostracism; however, no significant changes in need satisfaction were seen for those in the writing condition. In sum, distraction is a response to ostracism that may improve the recovery of depleted need-satisfaction following ostracism better than confrontation.

中文翻译：

---

对抗作为对排斥的人际反应

排斥——被他人忽视和排斥——会对目标产生不利影响。对抗允许目标表达对虐待的不满。三项研究调查了对排斥反应的对抗。在研究 1 中，参与者完成了排斥操纵网络球，并有机会向他们的排斥者发送信息。信息编码表明，三分之一的目标写了表达对他们被对待的方式不满的信息，明显多于参与者。在研究 2 和 3 中，参与者在随机分配到分心、写作或对抗任务之前完成了网络球。需求恢复分析表明，在即时测量和延迟测量之间，分心持续改善了需求满足和情感恢复。结果对对抗在应对排斥方面的有效性提供了不同的支持；然而，对于处于写作状态的人来说，需求满意度没有显着变化。总之，分心是对排斥的一种反应，它可以比对抗更好地改善排斥后耗尽的需求满足的恢复。