Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The etiology of the disorder is multi-factorial, with a main focus on genetic factors. However, emerging research shows the involvement of changes and imbalances in the intestinal microbiota. Evidence for the influence of gut microbiota on brain development and neurogenesis is clear.

We present a review of emerging research on the microbiota in the ADHD population. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge on ADHD, to identify gaps in knowledge, as well as to indicate the directions of new research. Thanks to the researchers that would be possible to better understand the complexity of ADHD etiology, especially the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were used while writing the review.

Numerous studies show that probiotic supplementation can have a positive effect on the course of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD. Unfortunately, clinical studies that were identified are mostly inconclusive, and more high-quality research is needed to produce robust evidence for therapy based on interventions targeting microbiota.

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的以注意力不集中、冲动和多动为特征的神经发育障碍。这种疾病的病因是多因素的，主要集中在遗传因素上。然而，新兴的研究表明肠道微生物群的变化和失衡参与其中。肠道菌群对大脑发育和神经发生的影响的证据是明确的。

我们回顾了有关 ADHD 人群微生物群的新兴研究。本研究的目的是总结目前关于 ADHD 的知识状况，找出知识差距，并指出新研究的方向。感谢研究人员能够更好地了解 ADHD 病因的复杂性，特别是肠道微生物群在疾病发病机制中的作用。撰写评论时使用了 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库。

大量研究表明，益生菌补充剂可以对包括 ADHD 在内的神经发育障碍的进程产生积极影响。不幸的是，已确定的临床研究大多尚无定论，需要更多高质量的研究来为基于针对微生物群的干预措施的治疗提供强有力的证据。