Accurate land use mapping in the Amazon is crucial to support the implementation of environmental policies. The new Brazilian Forest Code published in 2012 defines a “consolidated rural area” (CRA) as an area within a rural property and occupied by humans prior to July 22, 2008. Environmental infractions that occurred before that date are granted amnesty and landowners are exempted from the obligation to restore the degraded areas. To assess the compliance of rural property owners with the environmental legislation, the Brazilian government created the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), for mandatory electronic self-declaration of all rural private properties. The successful implementation of the CAR relies on the accurate mapping of CRA before the reference date of July 2008. The objective of the present paper is to assess the accuracy of the 2008 map of consolidated rural areas (CRA2008) that is the result of a fruitful collaboration between a non-governmental organization (NGO), a state administration and academic institutions. The CRA2008 map was produced by photo-interpretation of high resolution remote sensing images and validated after comparison with 90 aerial photographs. The validation metrics (overall accuracy = 0.926, Kappa index = 0.851 and $F$-score = 0.924) confirmed the reliability of the CRA2008 map. Most errors identified were due to imprecision at the edges between CRA and native vegetation because of different spatial resolutions of the CRA2008 and the aerial photographs. Consequently, the results were slightly lower (although still high; Kappa = 0.835) in the Amazon biome where landscapes are more fragmented. Finally, in a context of severe criticisms expressed by national government leaders towards Brazilian research institutions and NGOs, our results clearly demonstrate the benefits of combining institutional efforts and of working in synergy to produce relevant information with the aim of ensuring the implementation of public environmental policies and thereby improving land use sustainability in the Amazon.

亚马逊地区准确的土地利用制图对于支持环境政策的实施至关重要。2012年发布的新巴西《森林法》将“合并的农村地区”（CRA）定义为农村财产中在2008年7月22日之前被人类占领的区域。在该日期之前发生的环境违法行为将被赦免，土地所有人可获豁免从恢复退化地区的义务。为了评估农村所有者对环境法规的遵守情况，巴西政府创建了农村环境注册中心（CAR），用于对所有农村私有财产进行强制性电子自我声明。CAR的成功实施依赖于CRA在参考日期2008年7月之前的准确映射。本文的目的是评估2008年综合农村地区地图（CRA2008）的准确性，这是非政府组织（NGO），州政府和学术机构之间富有成果的合作的结果。CRA2008地图是通过对高分辨率遥感影像进行照片解释而制作的，并与90张航拍照片进行了比较验证。验证指标（总体准确度= 0.926，Kappa指数= 0.851和$F$-score = 0.924）证实了CRA2008地图的可靠性。识别出的大多数错误是由于CRA2008和航拍照片的空间分辨率不同，导致CRA和原生植被之间的边缘不精确。因此，在亚马逊生物群落中，景观更加分散的结果略低（尽管仍然很高； Kappa = 0.835）。最后，在各国政府领导人对巴西研究机构和非政府组织表示严重批评的情况下，我们的结果清楚地表明了结合机构努力和协同工作以产生相关信息以确保执行公共环境政策的好处。从而提高亚马逊地区土地利用的可持续性。