This paper presents a two-layer energy management model (EMM) in the smart distribution network (SDN) considering flexi-renewable virtual power plants (FRVPPs) that participate in the day-ahead energy and reserve markets. The first layer of EMM is applied to the FRVPPs to maximize their profit in the proposed markets subjected to the constraints of renewable and flexible sources with considering coordination between these sources and VPP operator (VPPO). Also, the second layer of EMM creates coordination between VPPOs and the distribution system operator to manage the SDN based on minimizing the summation of network energy loss and voltage deviation function as a linear normalized objective function while it subjects to the linear format of AC optimal power flow equations. This model contains uncertainties of load, market price, maximum power of renewable energy sources and demand of flexible sources, where stochastic programming is used to model these uncertain parameters. The proposed model includes bi-level optimization model that is solved by the Benders decomposition approach to achieve an optimal solution at low calculation time. Finally, the capabilities of the proposed model have been investigated by implementing on the IEEE 69-bus distribution network.

本文介绍了智能配电网（SDN）中的两层能源管理模型（EMM），其中考虑了参与日前能源和储备市场的灵活可再生虚拟电厂（FRVPP）。EMM的第一层应用于FRVPP，以在受可再生资源和灵活资源约束的情况下，通过考虑这些资源与VPP运营商（VPPO）之间的协调，在拟议市场中最大化其利润。此外，EMM的第二层在使网络能量损失和电压偏差函数的总和最小化（作为线性归一化目标函数）的同时，服从于交流最优功率的线性格式，从而在VPPO与配电系统运营商之间建立了协调，以管理SDN。流方程。该模型包含负载，市场价格，可再生能源的最大功率和柔性能源的需求，其中使用随机编程对这些不确定参数进行建模。所提出的模型包括通过Benders分解方法求解的双层优化模型，以在较低的计算时间上获得最佳解决方案。最后，通过在IEEE 69总线配电网络上实施，对所提出模型的功能进行了研究。