Polymer-based nanoparticles have become an appealing carrier for improving vaccine delivery efficiency. In this study, we investigated an interesting approach based on PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating Cerastes cerastes venom as an intranasal vaccine delivery system for snake envenomation prevention. Particles were synthesized by double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for their size, morphology, distribution, and venom-nanoparticles interactions. An immunization trial was performed in mice by the intranasal route to evaluate the immune response, the reactogenicity, and the protective effect of this nanovaccine.

The physicochemical and structural characteristics of Cc-loaded PLGA NPs revealed that the particles exhibited a spherical shape with a diameter of 370 nm, and a negatively charged surface with a zeta potential value of 19,9 mV.

The immunization with Cc-PLGA NPs can induce a systemic innate and humoral immune response and confers protection against Cerastes cerastes venom (Cc) over than 6 LD50 with a cross-protection against Vipera lebetina venom (Vl) over than 5 LD50. Nano-encapsulation of Cc venom reduced its toxicity and the induced tissue alterations.

Our results confirm that the nano-formulation Cc-PLGA NPs is a potent adjuvant system that improve the humoral immune response and provide protection against high lethal doses of viper venoms.

基于聚合物的纳米粒子已成为提高疫苗递送效率的有吸引力的载体。在这项研究中，我们研究了一种基于 PLGA 纳米颗粒的有趣方法，该纳米颗粒封装了角斑蛇毒液，作为预防蛇毒的鼻内疫苗递送系统。颗粒是通过双乳液溶剂蒸发法合成的，并表征了它们的大小、形态、分布和毒液-纳米颗粒的相互作用。通过鼻内途径在小鼠中进行免疫试验，以评估这种纳米疫苗的免疫反应、反应原性和保护作用。

负载 Cc 的 PLGA NPs 的物理化学和结构特征表明，颗粒呈球形，直径为 370 nm，带负电荷的表面，zeta 电位值为 19.9 mV。

用 Cc-PLGA NPs 进行免疫可以诱导系统性先天和体液免疫反应，并赋予对超过 6 LD50 的角斑羚毒液 (Cc) 的保护，以及对超过 5 LD50 的Vipera lebetina毒液 (VI)的交叉保护。Cc 毒液的纳米封装降低了其毒性和诱导的组织改变。

我们的结果证实，纳米制剂 Cc-PLGA NPs 是一种有效的佐剂系统，可改善体液免疫反应并提供针对高致死剂量毒蛇毒液的保护。