Conventional tillage and mineral fertilization (CTMF) jeopardize soil health in conventional vegetable production systems. Using a field experiment established in Uruguay in 2012, we aimed to compare the soil restoration potential of organic fertilization (compost, poultry manure) combined with conventional tillage and cover crop incorporated into the soil (CTOF) or with reduced tillage and the use of cover crop as mulch (RTOF). In 2017 table beet was cultivated under CTMF, CTOF and RTOF, and yields, soil aggregate composition and nutrients, as well as soil and table beet rhizosphere microbiota (here: bacteria and archaea) were evaluated. Microbiota was studied by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from total community DNA. RTOF exhibited higher soil aggregation, soil organic C, nutrient availability and microbial alpha-diversity than CTMF, and became more similar to an adjacent natural undisturbed site. The soil microbiota was strongly shaped by the fertilization source which was conveyed to the rhizosphere and resulted in differentially abundant taxa. However, 229 amplicon sequencing variants were found to form the core table beet rhizosphere microbiota shared among managements. In conclusion, our study shows that after only five years of implementation, RTOF improves soil health under intensive vegetable farming systems.

中文翻译：

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减少耕种，覆盖作物和有机改良剂影响乌拉圭蔬菜种植系统的土壤微生物并改善土壤健康

常规耕作和矿物肥料（CTMF）损害了常规蔬菜生产系统中的土壤健康。通过2012年在乌拉圭建立的田间试验，我们的目的是比较有机肥（堆肥，家禽粪便）与常规耕作和覆盖作物并入土壤（CTOF）或减少耕种和使用覆盖物的土壤恢复潜力覆盖农作物（RTOF）。2017年，在CTMF，CTOF和RTOF下种植了甜菜，并评估了产量，土壤团粒组成和养分以及土壤和甜菜的根际微生物区系（此处为细菌和古细菌）。通过从总群落DNA扩增的16S rRNA基因片段的高通量测序研究了微生物群。RTOF表现出较高的土壤团聚，土壤有机碳，养分的可利用性和微生物的α多样性要比CTMF高，并且与相邻的自然不受干扰的地点更加相似。土壤微生物群受施肥源的强烈影响，并被运至根际并导致不同种类的分类群。然而，发现229个扩增子测序变异体形成了管理者之间共享的核心甜菜根际微生物群。总之，我们的研究表明，仅实施了五年，RTOF就能在集约化蔬菜种植系统下改善土壤健康。发现229个扩增子测序变异体形成了管理者之间共享的核心甜菜根际微生物群。总之，我们的研究表明，仅实施了五年，RTOF就能在集约化蔬菜种植系统下改善土壤健康。发现229个扩增子测序变异体形成了管理者之间共享的核心表甜菜根际微生物群。总之，我们的研究表明，仅实施了五年，RTOF就能在集约化蔬菜种植系统下改善土壤健康。