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Root economics spectrum and construction costs in Mediterranean woody plants: The role of symbiotic associations and the environment
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13612 Enrique G. de la Riva 1 , Iván Prieto 2 , Teodoro Marañón 3 , Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos 3 , Manuel Olmo 4 , Rafael Villar 4
中文翻译：
地中海木本植物的根系经济学谱和建筑成本：共生协会与环境的作用
更新日期：2021-04-08
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13612 Enrique G. de la Riva 1 , Iván Prieto 2 , Teodoro Marañón 3 , Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos 3 , Manuel Olmo 4 , Rafael Villar 4
Affiliation
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- Many studies have quantified the functional variation of fine root traits to understand the overarching trade‐off between maximizing resource acquisition or conservation (root economics spectrum [RES]). However, we know remarkably less on how plant strategies along the RES are actually constrained by the amount of photosynthates required to construct roots (i.e. construction costs, CC) or how below‐ground interactions with symbiotic organisms modify root trait patterns and their relationships with CC.
- Our main aim was to quantify CC of fine roots (<2 mm) and their underlying components (carbon, minerals and organic nitrogen concentrations) in 60 Mediterranean woody species with contrasting symbiotic association types (ectomycorrhizas, arbuscular and ericoid mycorrhizas and N‐fixing bacteria). We examined (a) whether the covariation among fine root traits along the RES was related to the intrinsic cost of producing roots and whether this relationship was dependent on the type of root symbiosis; (b) whether the relationship of each CC component with the RES was dependent on the type of root symbiosis and (c) whether soil water and nutrient availability determined differences in CC across sites.
- According to the RES hypothesis, fine root traits showed a main covariation trend (acquisition vs. conservation), defined by the first PCA axis, which also segregated species by their two main contrasting symbiotic types (arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal). We found a positive relationship between root CC and the RES (i.e. PCA axis 1) and, interestingly, slopes differed among symbiotic types, in response to the different role of each specific CC component. In addition, independently of symbiotic type, root CC decreased linearly with soil nutrient availability and quadratically with plant water availability.
- Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that woody plants display different functional strategies in their root CC, related with their position on the RES, and that CC differ among symbiotic groups. The influence of the root CC components across species varied among symbiotic associations, pointing to a trade‐off between structural and metabolic compounds. Root CC were also strongly modulated by soil resource availability (nutrients and water). This study highlights that root CC are fundamental to better understand below‐ground resource‐use strategies.
中文翻译：
地中海木本植物的根系经济学谱和建筑成本：共生协会与环境的作用
- 许多研究已经量化了优良根系性状的功能变异，以了解最大程度地权衡资源获取或保护之间的权衡（根系经济学谱[RES]）。但是，我们对于沿RES的植物策略如何实际受构造根所需的光合产物量（即，建造成本，CC）或与共生生物的地下相互作用如何改变根性状模式及其与CC的关系的了解却少得多。
- 我们的主要目的是对60种地中海木本植物中细根（<2 mm）及其基本成分（碳，矿物质和有机氮浓度）的CC进行定量，共生类型相反（除菌根，丛枝和类固醇菌根以及固氮菌） ）。我们研究了（a）沿着RES的优良根系性状之间的协变是否与根系产生的内在成本有关，并且这种关系是否取决于根系共生的类型；（b）每个CC成分与RES的关系是否取决于根部共生的类型，以及（c）土壤水和养分的有效性是否决定了不同地点CC的差异。
- 根据RES的假设，优良的根性状表现出主要的协变趋势（获取与保守），由第一个PCA轴定义，该物种也通过两种主要的相反共生类型（丛生和根除菌根）进行分离。我们发现根CC与RES（即PCA轴1）之间存在正相关，有趣的是，响应于每种特定CC成分的不同作用，斜率在共生类型之间也有所不同。此外，与共生类型无关，根CC随土壤养分的利用率线性降低，而与植物水分的利用率呈二次方关系。
- 综合。我们的研究表明，木本植物的根CC表现出不同的功能策略，这与它们在RES上的位置有关，并且共生群体之间的CC也有所不同。共生物种之间根CC成分对物种的影响各不相同，这表明结构和代谢化合物之间需要权衡取舍。根际CC还受到土壤资源可用性（养分和水）的强烈调节。这项研究强调，根源CC对于更好地了解地下资源使用策略至关重要。
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