Previous research shows that endogenous attention (the controlled selection of certain aspects of our environment) is enhanced toward emotional stimuli due to its biological relevance. Although looming affective stimuli such as threat seem even more critical for survival, little is known about their effect on endogenous attention. Here, we recorded neural (event‐related potentials, ERPs) and behavioral responses (errors and reaction times) to explore the combined effect of emotion and looming motion. 3D‐recreated static and moving animals assessed as emotionally positive, negative, and neutral, were presented to participants (n = 71), who performed an indirect categorization task (vertebrate vs. invertebrate). Behavioral results showed better task performance, as reflected by lower number of errors and reaction times, in response to threatening stimuli. Neural indices revealed significant early (P1p, 150 milliseconds), intermediate (P2p, 240), and late (LPP, 450) effects, the latter being more intensely associated with behavior, as revealed by regression analyses. In general, neural indexes of attention to both static and dynamic stimuli showed a positivity offset in early stages and a negativity bias in subsequent phases. However, and importantly, the progressive inclusion of negative stimuli in the attentional focus is produced earlier in the case of dynamic (at P2p latency) than in static versions (at LPP). These results point to an enhancement of attention, particularly in temporal terms, toward stimuli combining motion and biological significance.

中文翻译：

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情感视觉刺激的逼真（3D）迫在眉睫：神经和行为水平的注意力效应

先前的研究表明，由于其生物学相关性，内源性注意力（我们环境某些方面的受控选择）对情绪刺激的增强。尽管威胁等迫在眉睫的情感刺激似乎对生存更为关键，但人们对它们对内源性注意力的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们记录了神经（事件相关电位，ERP）和行为反应（错误和反应时间），以探索情绪和隐约运动的综合影响。被评估为情绪积极、消极和中性的 3D 重建静态和移动动物被呈现给参与者（n = 71），谁执行了间接分类任务（脊椎动物与无脊椎动物）。行为结果显示出更好的任务表现，这反映在对威胁性刺激的反应中，错误和反应时间的数量较少。神经指数显示出显着的早期（P1p，150 毫秒）、中间（P2p，240）和晚期（LPP，450）效应，回归分析显示，后者与行为更密切相关。一般来说，对静态和动态刺激的关注的神经指数在早期阶段显示出积极的抵消，在随后的阶段显示出消极的偏见。然而，重要的是，在动态（P2p 潜伏期）的情况下，在注意力焦点中逐渐包含负面刺激比在静态版本（在 LPP）中更早产生。这些结果表明注意力的增强，