Feather is the main waste of poultry industries and constitutes of 90% keratin. Wastes composed of keratin are insoluble and recalcitrant to degradation using conventional decomposing methods. Microbial degradation for keratinous wastes is a promising approach for being eco-friendly and economically. However, due to insolubility of keratinous waste, it has several challenges in upstream and downstream processes such as culture medium optimization, designing of bioreactor, bioreaction/flow type, bioreactor configurations considering mass and heat transfer limitations, rheology derived problems, monitoring of microbial activity, choosing of the right scale-up parameter and purification. In this study, the challenges for keratin degradation processes were discussed with the aim of opening new opportunities for keratinous waste treatments in industrial level.

羽毛是家禽业的主要废物，由 90% 的角蛋白组成。由角蛋白组成的废物是不可溶的，并且难以使用传统的分解方法进行降解。角蛋白废物的微生物降解是一种环保和经济的有前途的方法。然而，由于角质废物的不溶性，它在上下游过程中面临着一些挑战，例如培养基优化、生物反应器设计、生物反应/流动类型、考虑传质和传热限制的生物反应器配置、流变学衍生问题、微生物活性监测，选择正确的放大参数和纯化。在这项研究中，