The increase in managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) in many European cities has unknown effects on the densities of wild bees through competition. To investigate this, we monitored honeybees and non-honeybees from 01 April to 31 July 2019 and 2020 at 29 species of plants representing diverse taxonomic and floral-functional types in a large urban garden in the city of Munich in which the same plant species were cultivated in both years. No bee hives were present in the focal garden, and all bee hives in the adjacent area were closely monitored by interviewing the relevant bee keepers in both 2019 and 2020. Honeybee numbers were similar in April of both years, but increased from May to July 2020 compared to 2019. The higher densities correlated with a significant increase in shifts from wild bee to honeybee visits in May/June/July, while visitor spectra in April 2019 and 2020 remained the same. Most of the species that experienced a shift to honeybee visits in 2020 were visited mostly or exclusively for their nectar. There were no shifts towards increased wild bee visits in any species. These results from a flower-rich garden have implications for the discussion of whether urban bee keeping might negatively impact wild bees. We found clear support that high honeybee densities result in exploitative competition at numerous types of flowers.

管理蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的增加) 在许多欧洲城市，通过竞争对野生蜜蜂的密度产生了未知的影响。为了对此进行调查，我们在 2019 年 4 月 1 日至 7 月 31 日和 2020 年期间对代表不同分类和花卉功能类型的 29 种植物中的蜜蜂和非蜜蜂进行了监测，这些植物代表了慕尼黑市一个大型城市花园中的相同植物物种。这两年栽培。重点园内无蜂箱，2019年和2020年均通过采访相关养蜂人密切监测邻近区域所有蜂箱。2年4月蜜蜂数量相似，但从5月到2020年7月有所增加与 2019 年相比。较高的密度与 5 月/6 月/7 月从野生蜜蜂到蜜蜂访问量的显着增加相关，而 2019 年 4 月和 2020 年的访问者光谱保持不变。大多数在 2020 年转向蜜蜂访问的物种主要或专门为它们的花蜜而被访问。任何物种的野生蜜蜂访问量都没有增加。这些来自鲜花盛开的花园的结果对讨论城市养蜂是否可能对野生蜜蜂产生负面影响具有重要意义。我们发现了明确的支持，即高蜜蜂密度会导致对多种花卉的剥削性竞争。