The recent recognition that low doses of herbicides, human and veterinary antibiotics, metallic elements, micro/nano-plastics, and various other types of environmental pollutants widely enhance chlorophylls in the framework of hormesis created the need to further evaluate the response of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange to low doses of stresses. An analysis of about 370 values of maximum stimulatory response (MAX; percentage of control response, %) of chlorophylls in higher plants, algae and duckweeds, and other photosynthesizing organisms, mined from published literatures, revealed a greater MAX for higher plants (median = 139.2%) compared to algae and duckweeds (median = 119.6%). However, an analysis of about 50 mined values of MAX of carotenoids revealed no significant difference in the median MAX between higher plants (median = 133.0%) and algae-duckweeds (median = 138.1%). About 70 mined values of MAX were also concentrated for photosynthetic rate (median MAX = 129.2%) and stomatal conductance (median MAX = 124.7%) in higher plants. Within higher plants, there was no significant difference in the median MAX among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the median MAX between chlorophylls and carotenoids of pooled algae and duckweeds. The results suggest that the MAX is typically below 160% and as a rule below 200% of control response, and does not differ among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. New research programs with improved experimental designs, in terms of number and spacing of doses within the “low-dose zone” of the hormetic dose–response relationship, are needed to study the molecular/genetic mechanisms underpinning the low-dose stimulation of photosynthesis and its ecological implications.

最近的认识是，低剂量的除草剂，人类和兽用抗生素，金属元素，微/纳米塑料和各种其他类型的环境污染物在兴奋剂的框架内广泛增强了叶绿素，因此有必要进一步评估光合色素和气体交换到低剂量的压力。从已发表的文献中获得的对高等植物，藻类和浮萍以及其他光合作用生物中叶绿素最大刺激响应（MAX;对照响应的百分比，％）的大约370个值的分析表明，高等植物的MAX值更大（中位数=相比藻类和浮萍为139.2％（中位数为119.6％）。但是，对大约50个类胡萝卜素的MAX的开采值进行的分析表明，高等植物之间的MAX的中位数无显着差异（中位数= 133。0％）和浮萍（中位数= 138.1％）。在高等植物中，大约70个最大的MAX开采值也集中在光合速率（中值MAX = 129.2％）和气孔导度（中值MAX = 124.7％）上。在高等植物中，叶绿素，类胡萝卜素，光合速率和气孔导度之间的最大中值无显着差异。同样，合并藻类和浮萍的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素之间的最大中位数无显着差异。结果表明，MAX通常低于对照响应的160％，通常低于200％，并且在叶绿素，类胡萝卜素，光合速率和气孔导度之间没有差异。改进了实验设计的新研究计划，