ABSTRACT Questions surrounding the emergence of highly mobile nomadic pastoralism and the origins of the associated Scythian material culture have a long history in Eurasian steppe archaeology, but advances in knowledge have been hindered by a lack of data. Here we present new findings on the Early Iron Age royal burial mound Tunnug 1 in Tuva. While the site belongs to the same cultural tradition as Arzhan 1, the conceptual roots of the funerary ritual architecture can be traced to precursors in the Mongun Taiga culture and the Mongolian deer stone khirigsuur complex. The clay architecture uncovered at Tunnug 1 does not find any regional comparisons and possibly hints towards a western Central Asian contribution to the formation of the earliest Scythian horizon. Our research demonstrates the value of a multi-disciplinary approach to documenting monumental earthen architecture, including technical approaches (satellite imagery, aerial photographs, 3D models, digital elevation models, geophysics, and radiocarbon dating) with an analysis of construction material and associated finds.

中文翻译：

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Kurgan Tunnug 1-Scythian物质文化最早视野的新数据

摘要围绕高度流动的游牧性牧草的出现以及相关的斯基底人物质文化的起源的问题在欧亚草原考古中已有很长的历史，但是由于缺乏数据而阻碍了知识的发展。在这里，我们介绍了在图瓦的铁器时代早期皇家土墩Tunnug 1的新发现。虽然该遗址与Arzhan 1具有相同的文化传统，但丧葬仪式建筑的概念根源可以追溯到Mongun Taiga文化和蒙古鹿石khirigsuur建筑群的前身。Tunnug 1处发现的粘土建筑没有发现任何地区对比，可能暗示了中亚西部对最早的Scythian地平线的形成做出了贡献。