Abstract In Floyd et al. v The City of New York (2013), the federal district court judge ruled that the New York Police Department (NYPD) was engaging in unconstitutional stop-and-frisk practices that targeted predominately Black and Latino New Yorkers. Among the major decisions made in Floyd (2013), the judge identified “Furtive Movement” as being a weak indicator for establishing the reasonable suspicion needed to justify a Terry stop. Moreover, the judge recognized that “Furtive Movement” is a vague and subjective term, which may be affected by unconscious bias and lead to racial and ethnic disparities in stop outcomes. Building on the judge’s concern about unconscious bias, the current study attempts to (1) provide a theoretical framework for understanding how police officers’ worldview may contribute to or interact with unconscious biases and to (2) examine whether NYPD officers are more likely to stop Black and Hispanic New Yorkers than their White counterparts for the reason of “Furtive Movement.” The latter inquiry is explored using NYPD stop-and-frisk data from 2011, 2013, and 2016. The social scientific implications of this research provide support for (1) the judge’s apprehension toward police stops on the basis of furtive gestures and (2) the effectiveness of court-ordered intervention.

中文翻译：

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警察的世界观，无意识的偏见及其在纽约警察局中出于“虚假运动”的原因助长种族和族裔差异的潜力

摘要在Floyd等人中。v纽约市（2013年），联邦地方法院法官裁定，纽约警察局（NYPD）从事违反宪法的“一触即发”的骚扰行为，主要针对黑人和拉丁裔纽约人。在弗洛伊德（Floyd）（2013）做出的重大决定中，法官认为“虚假运动”是建立合理怀疑以证明特里停靠的必要证据。此外，法官认识到“虚假运动”是一个模糊和主观的术语，可能会受到无意识偏见的影响，并导致种族和族裔在最终结局方面的差异。基于法官对无意识偏见的关注，当前的研究试图（1）提供一个理论框架，以了解警务人员的世界观如何有助于无意识的偏见或与之互动；以及（2）检查NYPD警官是否比白人更能阻止黑人和西班牙裔纽约人出于“虚构运动”的原因。使用2011年，2013年和2016年的NYPD中止数据来探索后一种查询。这项研究的社会科学意义为（1）法官基于偷偷摸摸的手势对警察中止的理解和（2）法院命令的干预措施的有效性。