Since the 1800s, ground staking of mining claims on public lands in the United States and Canadian free entry (FE) systems has successfully facilitated mineral discoveries and mine development. One weakness of ground staking regimes is claim staking disputes that create uncertainty for mineral developers and undermine security of tenure. During the last 19 years, electronic claim map selection systems have been implemented in Quebec, British Columbia, Ontario and other provinces to eliminate both the unnecessary expense of staking claims on the ground and the costs arising from claim staking disputes. Competition, a crucial element of FE, is preserved in the more efficient online claim map selection process. Electronic systems with digital maps created for online claim selection can assist governments in preventing mineral takings claims and compensation payments and avoid some disputes between indigenous peoples and mineral developers experienced in ground staking regimes.

中文翻译：

---

技术创新可增强矿产索赔人的保有权保障

自1800年代以来，在美国公共土地和加拿大的自由进入（FE）系统上进行的地面采矿权争夺战已成功地促进了矿物发现和矿山开发。抵押权益纠纷制度的一个弱点是索赔纠纷，这些纠纷给矿产开发商带来了不确定性，并损害了土地使用权的安全性。在过去的19年中，魁北克，不列颠哥伦比亚省，安大略省和其他省份已实施了电子索赔地图选择系统，以消除在现场进行索赔所产生的不必要费用以及在索赔中引起的争议。竞争是FE的关键要素，它保留在更有效的在线索赔图选择过程中。