ABSTRACT How do different ways of governing urban indigenous social spaces facilitate or frustrate local indigenous self-government? A major challenge in Norway is the absence of actors that represent the entire local indigenous population. The main Norwegian Sámi NGO is a driving force in establishing and governing indigenous spaces, but is now one of several and often competing organizations due to specialization (new organizations form to promote specific subgroups' interests) and partisanization (organizations compete in elections to the Sámediggi representative organ). Social media facilitate communication across organizational divides, but do not produce any unified local indigenous “voice”. Private businesses and public cultural institutions take part in establishing and governing indigenous spaces – the former often in complete autonomy from Sámi NGOs, the latter more likely to seek cooperation or coordination. Local and regional state-based actors generally do not take initiatives to establish indigenous spaces, but involve themselves as co-organizers with Sámi leads and as sources of (often unstable) economic support. The state-based Sámediggi is increasingly proactive: financing, facilitating contact between actors, and occasionally participating directly in urban indigenous governance. The Sámediggi provides a unifying representative voice at the macro level that is missing at the local level.

中文翻译：

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城市土著空间的治理：挪威萨米人的例子

摘要 管理城市土著社会空间的不同方式如何促进或阻碍当地土著自治？挪威的一个主要挑战是缺乏代表整个当地土著人口的行为者。主要的挪威萨米非政府组织是建立和管理土著空间的推动力，但由于专业化（新组织的形成以促进特定子群体的利益）和党派化（组织竞争萨米基人的选举，因此现在是几个经常相互竞争的组织之一代表机关）。社交媒体促进了跨组织分歧的沟通，但不会产生任何统一的当地土著“声音”。私营企业和公共文化机构参与建立和管理土著空间——前者通常完全独立于萨米非政府组织，后者更有可能寻求合作或协调。地方和区域性国家行为者通常不会主动建立土著空间，而是作为与萨米族领袖的共同组织者和（通常是不稳定的）经济支持的来源参与其中。以国家为基础的 Sámediggi 越来越积极：融资，促进参与者之间的联系，偶尔直接参与城市土著治理。Sámediggi 在宏观层面提供了地方层面所缺少的统一代表声音。地方和区域性国家行为者通常不会主动建立土著空间，而是作为与萨米族领袖的共同组织者和（通常是不稳定的）经济支持的来源参与其中。以国家为基础的 Sámediggi 越来越积极：融资，促进参与者之间的联系，偶尔直接参与城市土著治理。Sámediggi 在宏观层面提供了地方层面所缺少的统一代表声音。地方和区域性国家行为者通常不会主动建立土著空间，而是作为与萨米族领袖的共同组织者和（通常是不稳定的）经济支持的来源参与其中。以国家为基础的 Sámediggi 越来越积极：融资，促进参与者之间的联系，偶尔直接参与城市土著治理。Sámediggi 在宏观层面提供了地方层面所缺少的统一代表声音。