ABSTRACT When ethnicity is said to be manifest and practised through handicrafts, these seemingly innocent objects become political. They raise questions concerning who can do what handicraft, who can use what symbols or what developments are “allowed”. They illustrate the continuous production of ethnic norms and boundaries, especially when global tourism enters into the equation. Taking a social constructivist perspective, our study addresses ethnic boundaries and boundary-making in handicrafts in northern Sweden, Norway and Finland. Our findings are based on fieldwork (35 interviewees) with people of diverse local backgrounds making and selling handicrafts. Methodologically, we avoid preselecting people based on ethnicity, but instead contribute to an understanding of the constitutive processes of ethnicity by looking at how ethnic talk comes into conversations about handicrafts. Our findings demonstrate that the interviewees draw an ethnic divide between “Sámi”/“non-Sámi”, while other ethnic-choices move to the background. This divide can be seen to be amplified by tourism. The boundary for who can make a Sámi handicraft or use Sámi symbols remains significant, yet also fluid. The article deepens the understanding of the Sámi/non-Sámi ethnic categorization, here in relation to handicrafts. It also helps unravel the complexities between tourism, ethnicities and handicrafts more broadly.

中文翻译：

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手工艺品中的民族边界和边界制定：挪威北部、瑞典和芬兰的例子

摘要 当民族性被说成是通过手工艺品体现和实践时，这些看似无辜的物品就变成了政治性的。他们提出了关于谁可以做什么手工艺、谁可以使用什么符号或什么发展是“允许”的问题。它们说明了种族规范和边界的不断产生，尤其是当全球旅游业进入等式时。从社会建构主义的角度来看，我们的研究解决了瑞典北部、挪威和芬兰手工艺品的民族边界和边界制定问题。我们的调查结果基于实地调查（35 名受访者），对不同当地背景的人制作和销售手工艺品。在方法上，我们避免根据种族预先选择人，而是通过观察民族谈话如何进入有关手工艺品的对话，从而有助于理解民族的构成过程。我们的调查结果表明，受访者在“萨米人”/“非萨米人”之间划分了种族鸿沟，而其他种族选择则成为背景。可以看出，旅游业扩大了这种鸿沟。谁可以制作萨米手工艺品或使用萨米符号的界限仍然很重要，但也很不稳定。这篇文章加深了对萨米/非萨米族裔分类的理解，这里涉及手工艺品。它还有助于更广泛地解开旅游、种族和手工艺品之间的复杂性。可以看出，旅游业扩大了这种鸿沟。谁可以制作萨米手工艺品或使用萨米符号的界限仍然很重要，但也很不稳定。这篇文章加深了对萨米/非萨米族裔分类的理解，这里涉及手工艺品。它还有助于更广泛地解开旅游、种族和手工艺品之间的复杂性。可以看出，旅游业扩大了这种鸿沟。谁可以制作萨米手工艺品或使用萨米符号的界限仍然很重要，但也很不稳定。这篇文章加深了对萨米/非萨米族裔分类的理解，这里涉及手工艺品。它还有助于更广泛地解开旅游、种族和手工艺品之间的复杂性。