ABSTRACT We analyse race and gender trends in the Silicon Valley technology industry from 1980 to 2015, with a focus on education, employment and wages in computer science. Racial gaps in representation are more salient among programmers than in the overall technology labour force; in addition, we document a stable or increasing gender gap across all races in computer science. However, these demographic shifts are not always consistent with either a pipeline argument that there are insufficient supplies of potential underrepresented programmers or a wage explanation. Hispanic males, for example, have had increasing rates of computer science degree completions yet decreasing representation in the programmer labour force. On the other hand, White females have had decreasing representation among both degrees and the labour force despite comparatively high wages in the technology sector. The persistent and increasing race and gender gaps suggest that policies to attract underrepresented groups need to be differentiated by the group and may require significant changes in industry culture to increase the representation of these groups.

中文翻译：

---

1980–2015年硅谷的计算机科学教育，就业，性别和种族/民族案例

摘要我们分析了1980年至2015年硅谷技术行业的种族和性别趋势，重点是计算机科学领域的教育，就业和工资。程序员之间的代表种族差异比整个技术劳动力中更为明显。此外，我们记录了计算机科学各个种族之间性别差异的稳定或不断增加。但是，这些人口变化并不总是与可能存在的潜在的代表性不足的程序员供应不足或工资解释的流水线争论一致。例如，西班牙裔男性的计算机科学学位结业率上升，而程序员劳动力中的代表性下降。另一方面，尽管技术部门的工资相对较高，但白人女性在学位和劳动力中的代表性均下降。种族和性别鸿沟的持续和不断增加表明，吸引代表性不足群体的政策需要由群体加以区分，并且可能需要对行业文化进行重大改变，以增加这些群体的代表性。