ABSTRACT A group of rectangular and circular enclosures in southwest Kazakhstan, originally thought to be prehistoric or early historical, has turned out to date from the 1950s and 1960s. They were built as livestock pens (kora) to protect rice paddies from free-grazing cattle. Rice cultivation had been introduced to the region east of the Aral Sea by deported ethnic Koreans from the Soviet Far East after the native pastoral nomadism had been destroyed by forced collectivisation in the early 1930s. This had resulted in the Great Famine of 1931–33, evidence for which is provided by refugees’ burials found on archaeological sites in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The case study illustrates an approach to the study of twentieth century contested landscapes using evidence from archaeology, ethnography, and oral history. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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苏联中亚有争议的景观：来自哈萨克斯坦的民族考古学案例研究

摘要 哈萨克斯坦西南部的一组矩形和圆形围墙，最初被认为是史前或早期历史，现在已经可以追溯到 1950 和 1960 年代。它们被建造为牲畜围栏 (kora)，以保护稻田免受自由放牧的牛的侵害。在 1930 年代初期，当地的游牧民族被强制集体化摧毁后，被从苏联远东驱逐出境的朝鲜族人将水稻种植引入咸海以东地区。这导致了 1931-33 年的大饥荒，在哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦的考古遗址中发现的难民墓葬提供了证据。案例研究说明了一种使用考古学、人种学和口述历史证据来研究 20 世纪有争议的景观的方法。图形概要