Theory suggests that teachers’ implicit racial attitudes affect their students, but large-scale evidence on U.S. teachers’ implicit biases and their correlates is lacking. Using nationwide data from Project Implicit, we found that teachers’ implicit White/Black biases (as measured by the implicit association test) vary by teacher gender and race. Teachers’ adjusted bias levels are lower in counties with larger shares of Black students. In the aggregate, counties in which teachers hold higher levels of implicit and explicit racial bias have larger adjusted White/Black test score inequalities and White/Black suspension disparities.

中文翻译：

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空气中的偏见：教师内隐种族态度、总体偏见和学生成果的全国探索

理论表明教师内隐的种族态度会影响他们的学生，但缺乏关于美国教师内隐偏见及其相关因素的大规模证据。使用来自 Project Implicit 的全国数据，我们发现教师的内隐白人/黑人偏见（通过内隐关联测试衡量）因教师性别和种族而异。在黑人学生比例较大的县，教师调整后的偏见水平较低。总的来说，教师内隐和外显种族偏见水平较高的县有更大的调整后白人/黑人考试分数不平等和白人/黑人停职差异。