ABSTRACT There has been growing interest in open innovation by firms creating new value by combining internal and external ideas. Technology insourcing, however, has not been satisfactorily investigated compared to technology outsourcing in empirical literature. In this paper, we examine the determinants of external technology sourcing by types of the counterpart in new product development (NPD). We use a novel dataset at the product level, conducted by RIETI in 2011. We highlight cases in which a technology partner is also a business partner, such as a supplier or customer, from those where this is not the case. In contrast, in cases when a technology partner is not a business partner, patents play an important role in moderating transaction costs in partnerships. In contrast, in cases when a technology partner is also a business partner, we found a pattern of co-specialization of managerial resources with the partner firm. Abbreviations: B2B: Business to business; NPD: New product development; RBV: Resource-based view

中文翻译：

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日本企业中与互补资产相关的技术需求决定因素

摘要通过结合内部和外部思想来创造新价值的公司对开放式创新的兴趣日益浓厚。然而，与经验文献中的技术外包相比，尚未对技术外包进行令人满意的研究。在本文中，我们根据新产品开发（NPD）中对应方的类型来研究外部技术采购的决定因素。我们在2011年由RIETI进行了产品级别的新颖数据集。在没有这种情况的情况下，我们重点介绍了技术合作伙伴也是业务合作伙伴（例如供应商或客户）的情况。相反，在技术合作伙伴不是业务合作伙伴的情况下，专利在降低合作伙伴关系中的交易成本方面起着重要作用。相反，如果技术合作伙伴也是业务合作伙伴，我们发现了与合作伙伴公司共同管理资源的模式。缩写：B2B：企业对企业；NPD：新产品开发；RBV：基于资源的视图