ABSTRACT Rhetoric, rhetorical theory, and rhetorical criticism from their earliest days as a scholarly endeavor in ancient Greece and the Roman Republic developed as an art. In fact, rhetoric, along with grammar and philosophy, formed the three disciplines of the trivium as compared to the scientific disciplines in the quadrivium (math, geometry, music, and astronomy). Art is fluid, dynamic, and shifting; art is always in the process of becoming.

中文翻译：

---

有效性和修辞批评的艺术

摘要 修辞学、修辞学理论和修辞学批评最早作为古希腊和罗马共和国的学术活动发展为一门艺术。事实上，与四元中的科学学科（数学、几何、音乐和天文学）相比，修辞学以及语法和哲学形成了三元的三门学科。艺术是流动的、动态的、不断变化的；艺术总是在成为的过程中。