ABSTRACT Sampling strategies are directly related to external validity. The choices researchers make in selecting sampling frames and sampling participants need to be clearly articulated. Sampling choices can introduce a variety of biases into research findings that reduce the external validity of samples. This essay discusses the relationship between sampling and external validity and provides a brief overview of important sampling concepts including power, the central limit theorem, nonprobability sampling and probability sampling. Sampling related biases are overviewed in the context of communication research. Finally, strategies that researchers and the discipline as a whole might adopt to ameliorate validity concerns related to sampling are proposed.

中文翻译：

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抽样和有效性

摘要 抽样策略与外部效度直接相关。研究人员在选择抽样框架和抽样参与者时所做的选择需要明确阐明。抽样选择可能会在研究结果中引入各种偏见，从而降低样本的外部有效性。本文讨论了抽样与外部有效性之间的关系，并简要概述了重要的抽样概念，包括功效、中心极限定理、非概率抽样和概率抽样。在传播研究的背景下概述了与抽样相关的偏见。最后，提出了研究人员和整个学科可能采用的策略来改善与抽样相关的有效性问题。