ABSTRACT The security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.

中文翻译：

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改造胸罩肌腱？刚果国家警察改革，2003-2016

摘要 刚果民主共和国 (DRC) 的安全部门改革 (SSR) 计划失败了，据联合国 (UN) 驻刚果民主共和国特派团的一名前高级成员称，该国大部分地区仍然存在不受政府控制，国家安全机构在许多方面继续构成当地居民不安全的主要来源之一。本文基于多项实地研究，批判性地审视了刚果国家警察（Police nationale congolaise；PNC）的 SSR 及其在 2004 年至 2016 年间的改革努力。进一步试图解释为什么刚果国家警察的 SSR 进展如此之小。 PNC，尽管捐助者广泛参与。文章表明，SSR 的工具性和传统方法是部分原因，因为在这种情况下，它未能解决根本问题，也未能启动必要的根本性改革和警察部队重建。它还表明，当地方当局不支持改革地方安全机构时，改革将变得更加困难。