ABSTRACT The guano frontier originated as a geographic space for a socio-cultural resource central to the identity, lifestyle and worldview of the indigenous Peruvians. Colonisation in combination with advances in understandings of plant nutrition and fertiliser science, however, shifted guano’s meaning from its original roots and turned it into a globally tradable commodity. The geographical frontier, under the influence of post-independence politics and nationalisation, firstly became an economic frontier and, secondly, a political boundary. With discoveries on Ichaboe and other neighbouring islands on the southwest coast of Africa, this frontier shifted and a race for monopoly control ensued. The dynamics of the struggle for monopoly control over the guano frontier on the Namib coast challenges some of our fundamental historiographic tenets of frontiers, their very natures, triggers and movements. This article suggests the extension of a socio-ecological model in which resource demand and depletion, coupled with changes in the extension of knowledge and legal boundaries, all played roles.

中文翻译：

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从秘鲁到 Ichaboe：不断变化的鸟粪边界的动态，1840-5

摘要鸟粪边界起源于一个地理空间，它是一种社会文化资源的地理空间，它是秘鲁土著人的身份、生活方式和世界观的核心。然而，殖民化与对植物营养和肥料科学理解的进步相结合，将鸟粪的含义从其最初的根源转变为一种全球可交易的商品。在独立后政治和国有化的影响下，地理边界首先成为经济边界，其次成为政治边界。随着在非洲西南海岸的 Ichaboe 和其他邻近岛屿上的发现，这一边界发生了变化，一场垄断控制的竞争随之而来。纳米布海岸鸟粪边界的垄断控制斗争的动态挑战了我们关于边界的一些基本史学原则、边界的本质、触发因素和运动。本文建议扩展一个社会生态模型，其中资源需求和枯竭，加上知识和法律边界的扩展的变化，都发挥了作用。