ABSTRACT This article examines the missionary assault on traditionalism and traditional leadership. It also analyses the origins of Columba Mission. The article sets out to unearth the role of missionaries in the colonial assault on traditionalism, using James Macdonald Auld (2 April 1848–5 December 1932) as a case study. It describes the operation of the Columba Mission from its small beginnings in Kentani (Centane today) in 1878 until the annexation of Gcalekaland by the Cape Colony in 1885. The Cape forces reopened Gatyana (Willowvale) to the colonial authorities following the acceptance of an amnesty. Many of the amaGcaleka remained in Xhorha (Elliotdale), including King Sarhili himself. King Sarhili’s vicissitudes at the hands of the colonial government are used as a scaffolding to see Columba in historical perspective. This article puts the spotlight on King Sarhili and James Macdonald Auld, the Presbyterian missionary at Columba, as a vehicle to explore the reorganisation of Centane. The article also broadens its base of sources by drawing on oral history with intent to add materially to our knowledge about the missions at that often opaque moment in Eastern Cape history. In attempting to examine the relations between the traditional leaders, the colonial governing authorities and the missionaries, this article shows the colonial conflict as an ongoing encounter between the missionaries and the heirs of Phalo, i.e. the amaGcaleka and the amaNgqika

中文翻译：

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詹姆斯·麦克唐纳·奥尔德牧师与科萨兰传统领导的瓦解

摘要 本文考察了传教士对传统主义和传统领导的攻击。它还分析了 Columba Mission 的起源。本文以詹姆斯·麦克唐纳·奥尔德（James Macdonald Auld，1848 年 4 月 2 日至 1932 年 12 月 5 日）为例，着手发掘传教士在对传统主义的殖民攻击中的作用。它描述了 Columba Mission 从 1878 年在肯塔尼（今天的 Centane）的小规模开始到 1885 年开普殖民地吞并 Gcalekaland 的运作。在接受大赦后，开普军队向殖民当局重新开放了 Gatyana（Willowvale） . 许多 amaGcaleka 留在了 Xhorha (Elliotdale)，包括国王 Sarhili 本人。Sarhili国王在殖民政府手中的变迁被用作脚手架，以历史的眼光看待天鸽座。本文将焦点放在国王 Sarhili 和 Columba 的长老会传教士 James Macdonald Auld 身上，作为探索 Centane 重组的工具。这篇文章还通过借鉴口述历史扩大了其来源基础，旨在为我们对东开普省历史上那个经常不透明时刻的任务的了解增添实质性内容。在试图考察传统领导人、殖民统治当局和传教士之间的关系时，本文将殖民冲突显示为传教士与 Phalo 的继承人，即 amaGcaleka 和 amaNgqika 之间的持续相遇。这篇文章还通过借鉴口述历史扩大了其来源基础，旨在为我们对东开普省历史上那个经常不透明时刻的任务的了解增添实质性内容。在试图考察传统领导人、殖民统治当局和传教士之间的关系时，本文将殖民冲突显示为传教士与 Phalo 的继承人，即 amaGcaleka 和 amaNgqika 之间的持续相遇。这篇文章还通过借鉴口述历史扩大了其来源基础，旨在为我们对东开普省历史上那个经常不透明时刻的任务的了解增添实质性内容。在试图考察传统领导人、殖民统治当局和传教士之间的关系时，本文将殖民冲突显示为传教士与 Phalo 的继承人，即 amaGcaleka 和 amaNgqika 之间的持续相遇。