In 2012, Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Rural Estates Limited to complete reporting on excavations previously undertaken in 2006–2007 by ARCUS (University of Sheffield) for Lewis Holdings Limited. The excavations, located off Gainsborough Road, Bawtry at Grid Reference SK 653 928, had been carried out ahead of residential development on a small irregular infill plot between existing houses and a pub (Figure 1). This summary is taken from the full report on the results of the investigations. Although the earliest archaeological features were Medieval, residual late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic flint blades and abraded Roman pottery were recovered from later contexts, indicating the potential for earlier activity in the vicinity of the site. The earliest archaeological features on site included a series of sub-rectangular ponds (213, 389, 410, and 419) the largest of which (389) was at least 10 m long by 6.7 m wide and greater than 1.2 m deep (Figure 1). One of the ponds (419) contained a wooden revetment dendrochronologically dated to the thirteenth century (Tyers 2012). Two circular pits also belonged to the first phase, one of which was barrel-lined with oak planks (358) although the other (362) did not retain a wooden lining. Both pits had similar dimensions and profiles; pit 358 was 0.96 m deep, 2.3 m wide at the top with a shallow shelf leading to the central, barrel-lined shaft 0.7 m wide. A series of deposits filled the pits which produced pottery suggesting a thirteenth century date. Also belonging to this initial phase of activity were pit 415 and a ditch (413) extending east from Church Street, the latter likely to represent a boundary between two plots of land (both of which contained ponds). Evaluation trench 2 in the east of the site exposed a further large pond (213), which is likely to have been open for some time (Figure 1). Environmental evidence from this pond suggests nearby disturbed ground, damp ground, stagnant water, hedgerows and human habitation, with nitrogen enrichment of the soil indicated (Simmons 2012). Small numbers of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seeds were present. Hemp was widely cultivated in the region in the Medieval period for use in the manufacture of rope, canvas, paper, and oil up until the nineteenth century when the industry collapsed due to cheap imports. The proximity of the site to the River Idle and wharf may indicate that hemp was being grown and processed to make ropes or canvas for river traffic. The ideal hemp retting pit is described in Bradshaw et al. (1981) as ‘a small deep pond unconnected to the local water supply’. This was because the process of retting the hemp stems would contaminate water and smell unpleasant. The

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中世纪的大麻沤？Bridge Lane House, Bawtry, Doncaster 的挖掘

2012 年，Wessex Archaeology 受 Rural Estates Limited 的委托，完成了 ARCUS（谢菲尔德大学）之前在 2006-2007 年为 Lewis Holdings Limited 进行的挖掘工作的报告。挖掘工作位于 Bawtry 的 Gainsborough 路旁，网格参考编号 SK 653 928，在住宅开发之前进行，位于现有房屋和酒吧之间的一个小型不规则填充地块上（图 1）。本摘要摘自有关调查结果的完整报告。虽然最早的考古特征是中世纪的，但从后来的环境中回收了残留的中石器时代晚期或新石器时代早期的燧石刀片和磨损的罗马陶器，表明该遗址附近有早期活动的潜力。现场最早的考古特征包括一系列亚矩形池塘（213、389、410 和 419)，其中最大的 (389) 至少长 10 m，宽 6.7 m，深大于 1.2 m（图 1）。其中一个池塘 (419) 包含一个木质护岸，树形年代可追溯至 13 世纪 (Tyers 2012)。两个圆形坑也属于第一阶段，其中一个桶内衬有橡木板（358），而另一个（362）没有保留木衬里。两个坑具有相似的尺寸和轮廓；358 号坑深 0.96 m，顶部宽 2.3 m，有一个浅层，通向中央 0.7 m 宽的桶状竖井。一系列的沉积物填满了生产陶器的坑，暗示了 13 世纪的日期。415 号坑和一条从 Church Street 向东延伸的沟渠 (413) 也属于这一活动的初始阶段，后者可能代表两块土地（均包含池塘）之间的边界。场地东侧的评估沟 2 暴露了另一个大池塘（213），该池塘可能已经开放了一段时间（图 1）。这个池塘的环境证据表明附近有扰动的地面、潮湿的地面、积水、树篱和人类居住区，表明土壤富含氮（Simmons 2012）。存在少量大麻（大麻）种子。中世纪时期，该地区广泛种植大麻，用于制造绳索、帆布、纸张和石油，直到 19 世纪该行业因廉价进口而崩溃。该场地靠近 Idle 河和码头，可能表明正在种植和加工大麻，以制作用于河流交通的绳索或帆布。Bradshaw 等人描述了理想的大麻浸渍坑。（1981 年）作为“与当地供水系统无关的小型深水池”。这是因为大麻茎的沤制过程会污染水并散发出难闻的气味。这