ABSTRACT The Francoist repressive strategy unleashed after the coup d’état of 17 July 1936 developed complex mechanisms of physical and psychological punishment. Within Franco’s repressive system there was a specific procedure applied to Republican women. In this article, I provide an analysis of the repression suffered by women during the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship in southwest Spain. For that purpose, I draw on stories of female victims, who suffered physical and psychological humiliation, and on mass graves with bodies of women. The research is based on a holistic study of material, oral and written sources from a historical, archaeological and forensic anthropological perspective. It is argued that the different repressive strategies used against the female population by Spanish fascism was motivated by the perception of women as second-class citizens and therefore inferior to men. Their punishment followed criteria of exemplarity.

中文翻译：

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发掘性别压迫：内战和西班牙西南部佛朗哥专政期间妇女遭受的暴力行为分析

摘要1936年7月17日的政变发展出复杂的身体和心理惩罚机制后，法兰克主义的镇压策略得以释放。在佛朗哥的镇压制度中，有一种针对共和党妇女的特定程序。在本文中，我对西班牙内战期间妇女遭受的镇压以及佛朗哥在西班牙西南部的独裁统治进行了分析。为此，我借鉴了遭受生理和心理侮辱的女性受害者的故事，以及带有妇女尸体的万人冢。这项研究是从历史，考古和法医人类学的角度对材料，口头和书面资料进行整体研究的基础上进行的。有人认为，西班牙法西斯针对女性人口采取的各种镇压策略是由于女性被认为是二等公民，因此不如男性所致。他们的惩罚遵循模范标准。