Abstract This study tests pathways to adoptive parents' psychological distress over time and then examines gender differences in psychological distress. Participants included 190 adoptive mothers and 190 adoptive fathers from the longitudinal Minnesota/Texas Adoption Research Project, a study of U.S. domestic infant adoptions. The majority of adoptive parents reported low psychological distress 10 to 20 years post-adoption. Some struggled throughout their adopted youth’s childhood and adolescence. This study utilizes data allowing an examination of parenting during middle childhood and adolescence. For adoptive mothers and fathers, outside stressors significantly predicted psychological distress. For adoptive fathers, perceived parent–child incompatibility was also predictive.

中文翻译：

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养母和养父的心理困扰：养育从出生就被收养的青少年

摘要 本研究测试了养父母随着时间的推移心理困扰的途径，然后检查了心理困扰的性别差异。参与者包括来自纵向明尼苏达州/德克萨斯州收养研究项目的 190 位养母和 190 位养父，该项目是一项针对美国国内婴儿收养的研究。大多数收养父母在收养后 10 至 20 年报告了较低的心理困扰。有些人在收养青年的童年和青春期都在挣扎。本研究利用数据来检验童年中期和青春期的养育方式。对于养父母来说，外部压力可以显着预测心理困扰。对于养父来说，感知到的亲子不相容也是可以预测的。