ABSTRACT Superfund sites are geographic locations selected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as having extreme toxic chemical spills. In this article, we address three main research questions: (1) Are there geographical areas where the number (or density) of Superfund sites is significantly higher than in the rest of the USA? (2) Is there an association between cancer incidence and the number (or density) of Superfund sites? (3) Do counties with Superfund sites have higher proportions of minority populations than the rest of the USA? We study the geographic distribution of the overall cancer incidence rate (2007–2011) in addition to the geographic variation of Superfund sites for 2013. We used the disease surveillance software package SaTScan with its scan statistic to identify locations and relative risks of spatial clusters in cancer rates and in Superfund site count and density. We also used the surveillance software FlexScan to support and complement the results obtained with SaTScan. We find that geographic areas with Superfund sites tend to have elevated cancer risk, and also elevated proportions of minority populations.

中文翻译：

---

超级基金站点位置和相关癌症风险的空间研究

摘要超级基金站点是美国环境保护署选择的具有剧毒化学物质泄漏的地理位置。在本文中，我们提出了三个主要的研究问题：（1）是否存在超级基金站点数量（或密度）明显高于美国其他地区的地理区域？（2）癌症发病率与超级基金场所的数量（或密度）之间是否存在关联？（3）具有超级基金所在地的县的少数民族人口比例是否高于美国其他地区？除了研究2013年Superfund网站的地理位置变化之外，我们还研究了总体癌症发生率（2007-2011年）的地理分布。我们使用疾病监测软件包SaTScan及其扫描统计信息来确定癌症发病率以及Superfund网站计数和密度中空间簇的位置和相对风险。我们还使用了监视软件FlexScan来支持和补充通过SaTScan获得的结果。我们发现拥有Superfund网站的地理区域往往会增加癌症风险，并且也增加了少数族裔人口的比例。