The rise of historicism at the turn of the 19th century changed the ancient poetics and rhetoric standards held by Aristotle for a long time,trying to integrate literary studies into a larger historical context,but in the first half of the 20th century several literary criticism methods,including formalism,new criticism,structuralism and poststructuralism,came up to emphasize once again the importance of form and rhetoric. After the 1980s and 1990s,a new inclination to seek and promote the relationship between literature and the real world has encouraged the literary research that interprets classical and contemporary literary works on the basis of current political issues. The influence of formalism and its opponents,as well as the emphasis on literary aesthetics in the process,led to the relaxation of the standard for the search of literary significance. Therefore,we must give brand-new attention to what the literary works themselves are intended to tell the reader

中文翻译：

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文学作品的意义之源：以20世纪西方文学史为视角

在19世纪初，历史主义的兴起改变了亚里士多德长期以来所持的古代诗学和修辞标准，试图将文学研究纳入更大的历史背景，但是在20世纪上半叶，几种文学批评方法包括形式主义，新批评，结构主义和后结构主义，再次强调形式和修辞的重要性。在1980年代和1990年代之后，寻求和促进文学与现实世界之间关系的新倾向鼓励了在当前政治问题的基础上解释古典和当代文学作品的文学研究。形式主义及其反对者的影响，以及在此过程中对文学美学的强调，导致放宽了文学意义搜索的标准。因此，我们必须重新关注文学作品本身旨在告诉读者的内容