Abstract The study of the impact of institutions on entrepreneurship has been a topic of great interest in recent years. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to the relation that can exist between the spatial context and the entrepreneurial activities. Specifically, institutions and the space of entrepreneurial activities in a country have rarely been considered as a whole. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between these two aspects and seeks to examine the entrepreneurial activity in rural areas in comparison with urban areas based on the formal and informal institutions in an emerging economy such as Colombia. It claims that the formal institutions affect rural and urban entrepreneurs differently, examining the moderating effect of the informal institutions on this relation. Using a hierarchical logic model with panel data, 30 cities in Colombia over the period 2000–2013 are used as samples to explore the differences between rural and urban areas. It is found that the informal institutions achieve greater influence in the rural areas; these areas are favored to a greater extent by the social norms, since they are smaller territories with greater integration between citizens. However, the existence of subjective and objective insecurity affects rural entrepreneurial activity in a wider scope than urban entrepreneurial activity, decreasing the creation of new ventures.

中文翻译：

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正式机构、非正式机构和创业活动：哥伦比亚农村和城市地区之间的比较关系

摘要 制度对创业的影响研究是近年来备受关注的课题。然而，很少有人关注空间背景与创业活动之间可能存在的关系。具体而言，一个国家的制度和创业活动空间很少被视为一个整体。本文试图弥合这两个方面之间的差距，并基于哥伦比亚等新兴经济体中的正式和非正式制度，试图将农村地区的创业活动与城市地区进行比较。它声称正式制度对农村和城市企业家的影响不同，考察了非正式制度对这种关系的调节作用。使用带有面板数据的分层逻辑模型，以哥伦比亚 2000 年至 2013 年期间的 30 个城市为样本，探讨农村和城市地区之间的差异。发现非正式制度在农村地区的影响力更大；这些地区在更大程度上受到社会规范的青睐，因为它们是较小的领土，公民之间的融合程度更高。然而，主观和客观不安全感的存在对农村创业活动的影响比城市创业活动的范围更广，从而减少了新企业的创造。因为它们是较小的领土，公民之间的融合程度更高。然而，主观和客观不安全感的存在对农村创业活动的影响比城市创业活动的范围更广，从而减少了新企业的创造。因为它们是较小的领土，公民之间的融合程度更高。然而，主观和客观不安全感的存在对农村创业活动的影响比城市创业活动的范围更广，从而减少了新企业的创造。