Abstract Ecological factors have tremendous impacts on administrative machinery. It is understood that public administration at any level of government is in a causal relationship with its ecology. Investigating the ecology of public administration is a useful way to understand policy process and the values placed by public organizations/officials upon a program within their jurisdiction. Change is the major concern of ecological approach because it has important impacts on the balance of power, decision-making and resources allocation. Urbanization would accelerate the changes of ecological factors which in turn would alter the use of resources. All these would exert new demands upon existing government and its urban administration. In order to provide steady support to those changes, it requires an atmosphere in which political leadership, the integration of policies at various levels, and skilled public personnel to be established. Using the case of Penang state of Malaysia, this article investigates the interactions between Penang administrative machinery and its ecology which give impacts to its new affordable housing program. Focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were conducted to elicit primary data with key informants. Secondary data from literature survey was used to position the research within the context of Penang. Findings show that the creation of the new urban program was a response to the ecological changes of Penang. Results also indicate that the ecological changes have great impacts on public officials’ behavior in administrating the new program. The article ends with a discussion of implications of these findings for research and practice.

中文翻译：

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生态与新城市计划：槟州自有品牌经济适用房计划的案例研究

摘要 生态因素对行政机制产生巨大影响。据了解，任何级别政府的公共行政都与其生态存在因果关系。调查公共行政的生态是了解政策过程和公共组织/官员对其管辖范围内的计划的价值观的有用方法。变化是生态方法的主要关注点，因为它对权力平衡、决策和资源配置具有重要影响。城市化会加速生态因素的变化，进而改变资源的利用。所有这些都将对现有政府及其城市管理提出新的要求。为了为这些变化提供稳定的支持，需要一种氛围，在这种氛围中，政治领导、各级政策整合，人才队伍建设。本文以马来西亚槟城州为例，研究槟城行政机构与其生态之间的相互作用，这对其新的经济适用房计划产生了影响。与关键知情人进行了焦点小组讨论和深入访谈，以获取主要数据。文献调查的二手数据用于将研究定位在槟城的背景下。调查结果显示，新城市计划的创建是对槟城生态变化的回应。结果还表明，生态变化对公职人员管理新项目的行为有很大影响。文章最后讨论了这些发现对研究和实践的影响。