Abstract Climate change especially rising temperature in the urban areas has become a major focus of attention worldwide because of the impacts having on human beings, biodiversity, and urban ecosystem. Time series Landsat (TM and ETM+) satellite data products have been employed in this study to quantify the spatiotemporal Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity for the year of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively. Biophysical characteristics of the city have been assessed through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI). The thermal behavior of the city varied distinctly. Seasonal LST and biophysical composition of the city has been analyzed to explore the temperature and greenness sensitivity across the city region. The per capita electricity consumption of the city was positively correlated with the surface LST for both summer and autumn/spring season. A relative brightness temperature approach was employed to examine the nature of UHI across the city. It is evident from the observation that the temperature is very high within the city core as well as certain surrounding areas of the city, especially on the southern side. The temperature is comparatively lower on the western side of the city than the eastern region. Certain peripheral regions, however, show a higher temperature. This can be due to the development taking place in the outer areas of the city and destruction of vegetation in the outlying parts of the city. Studied NDVI indicates that vegetation in the city is not balanced. It is high in the western part which maybe because of the locations of different academic institutions, botanical gardens, seminary hills, agricultural land, etc. Whereas, the eastern part is devoid of vegetation. Also, the areas in the periphery, especially near the airport and Ambajhari Lake, has very low vegetation. The bareness is also high in the peripheral regions. Result also shows that street-based heat intensity mitigation helps for urban planning.

中文翻译：

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快速增长城区的城市热岛强度及其缓解策略

摘要 气候变化尤其是城市地区气温升高对人类、生物多样性和城市生态系统产生影响，已成为全球关注的主要焦点。本研究采用时间序列 Landsat（TM 和 ETM+）卫星数据产品分别量化 2000、2005、2010 和 2015 年的时空地表温度（LST）和城市热岛（UHI）强度。城市的生物物理特征已通过归一化植被指数（NDVI）、归一化差异建立指数（NDBI）和归一化差异裸露指数（NDBaI）进行评估。城市的热行为明显不同。分析了城市的季节性 LST 和生物物理组成，以探索整个城市区域的温度和绿度敏感性。该市人均用电量与夏、秋/春季季地表LST均呈正相关。使用相对亮温方法来检查整个城市的 UHI 性质。从观察中可以明显看出，城市核心以及城市的某些周边地区，特别是南侧的温度非常高。城市西部的温度比东部地区要低。然而，某些外围区域显示出更高的温度。这可能是由于城市外围地区的发展和城市外围地区植被的破坏。研究的 NDVI 表明城市中的植被是不平衡的。西部高可能是因为不同的学术机构、植物园、神学院山、农田等的位置。而东部没有植被。此外，周边地区，尤其是机场和 Ambajhari 湖附近的地区，植被非常低。周边地区的裸露率也很高。结果还表明，基于街道的热强度缓解有助于城市规划。