ABSTRACT In addition to examining how wartime imperatives shaped the agricultural research, demonstration, and extension programs undertaken by the Nationalist government’s Tianshui Water and Soil Conservation Experiment Area (the Experiment Area) after its founding in 1942, this article assesses the rural populace’s responses to these conservation measures. While the Experiment Area’s plans to construct terraces and ditches were not well suited to the socioeconomic and environmental conditions that existed in rural Gansu during the 1940s, its introduction of non-native tree and grass species to check water and soil loss met with an enthusiastic response from Tianshui’s populace. Water and soil conservation specialists aspired to rationalize human interactions with the environment as part of wartime efforts to develop the northwest, but to realize these goals they had to take socioecological realities in the region and the needs of rural residents into account. Wartime conservation’s environmental legacies, the article also shows, extended into the period after 1949.

中文翻译：

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天水三宝：战时西北水土保持

摘要 除了考察战时要求如何影响国民党政府天水水土保持试验区（试验区）自 1942 年成立后开展的农业研究、示范和推广计划外，本文还评估了农村民众对这些问题的反应。保护措施。虽然试验区的梯田和沟渠建设方案不适应1940年代甘肃农村的社会经济和环境条件，但通过引进外来树种和草种来控制水土流失，反响热烈。来自天水的民众。水土保持专家渴望将人类与环境的互动合理化，作为战时开发西北、但要实现这些目标，他们必须考虑该地区的社会生态现实和农村居民的需求。文章还显示，战时保护的环境遗产延续到 1949 年之后。