ABSTRACT In turn-of-the-century Spain, Teobaldo and José de Saavedra embodied an understanding of an aristocracy with one foot in the past and the other in the present. As holders of a recently created marquisate, their lifestyle exemplified the challenge faced by aristocrats who adopted practices and customs that were alien to them, whilst seeking to preserve elements of distinction they considered inalienable, such as dynastic history and dense family networks. The aim of this paper is to study the process of building aristocratic notability from a non-patrician origin. To this end, the profiles of the first and second Marquises of Viana are explored, paying special attention to their financial situation, social relations – particularly at Court – and a lifestyle steeped in their modern context. A key theme is their attention to art as a symbol of distinction, conceived as an instrument to leverage them to the position of the social elite of which they were becoming members. At the same time, the Marquises of Viana’s careers also reveal clear connections with Europe’s elite as they sought an exclusivity that would set them apart as a social group in a turbulent world.

中文翻译：

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维亚纳侯爵夫人：通过过去建立差异（1875-1927）

摘要 在世纪之交的西班牙，Teobaldo 和 José de Saavedra 体现了一种对贵族的理解，一只脚在过去，另一只脚在现在。作为最近创建的侯爵夫人的持有者，他们的生活方式体现了贵族所面临的挑战，他们采用了与他们不同的做法和习俗，同时寻求保留他们认为不可剥夺的独特元素，例如王朝历史和密集的家庭网络。本文的目的是研究从非贵族出身建立贵族知名度的过程。为此，我们探索了第一代和第二代维亚纳侯爵的个人资料，特别关注他们的财务状况、社会关系——尤其是在宫廷里——以及沉浸在现代环境中的生活方式。一个关键主题是他们将艺术视为区别的象征，被认为是一种工具，可以利用他们进入他们正在成为其中一员的社会精英的地位。与此同时，维亚纳侯爵夫人的职业生涯也揭示了他们与欧洲精英的明确联系，因为他们寻求排他性，使他们在动荡的世界中脱颖而出，成为一个社会群体。